DQ1 Problem Response, and conclusion, DQ Payouts to Shareholder w9DB Essay

DQ1 Problem Response, and end, DQ Payouts to Shareholder w9DB - Essay Example In a circumstance where the chiefs realize that the right estimation of their offers is $14.50, the best thing they ought to do to raise $500 million is by getting the cash. This is on the grounds that the financial specialists will realize that the cost of the offer is undervalued and won't accepting value. This can be clarified as follows: We know the expense of obtaining is $ 0.20 per share and if the firm sells 37 million offers at a markdown of $1 per share ($14.50 - $13.50), they should bear the expense of $37 million or, $0.27 per share (Putra, 2008). In this manner it will be fitting to give obligation in such a situation. As indicated by my closely-held conviction, if the firm has no trouble costs and just tax reductions, it will give value just on the off chance that it is overrated. Anyway the financial specialists will attempt to purchase the portions of the firm at the most reduced conceivable cost since they realize that the value is overrated. This will bring about declining the market cost of the value and the firm won't advantage by any means. So it would be better for IST to give obligation in such a situation as it will just upgrade its market cost. Putra. (2008, September 12). How are Earning Per Share (EPS) determined? In Accounting Financial and Tax. Recovered from http://bookkeeping budgetary tax.com/2008/09/how-are- earning-per-share-eps-figured/ Repurchase Tender offers †This methodology is commonly utilized in huge value buys. In this methodology, a firm fixes the particular cost at which it needs to buy back the offers, the quantity of offers it needs to repurchase and the timeframe for the offer. It further welcomes the investors who are eager to give up their offers for repurchase by the firm (Putra, 2009). Open Market Purchases †This methodology is essentially utilized for littler repurchases. In this technique, the firm has the freedom to choose the quantity of offer it needs to repurchase and furthermore the hour of repurchase. In this methodology, the firm repurchases the offers from the market itself yet at the

Real Life Situation

My Real Life Situation Back home, I was filling in as a showing aide ,and still is, with restricted specialists. Toward the finish of the semester, we generally have the finals week. Our area of expertise begins to self-destruct of course, the calendar was a wreck; in one day we have 4 tests and on a day or two ago none. It’s an average finish of the semester when this frenzy happens , and we battle each semester to discover an answer. This generally happens in light of our head office absence of consideration or absence of the executives aptitudes because of his delicate personality.I conversed with him and inquired as to whether I can step up and fix it unequivocally by bringing a standard test plan that can keep going for some semesters where no delegate/understudies will confront any difficulties as far as knowing their timetable and the classes . after a significant conversation with the head division, he at long last chose to give me his consent. I realized this was my o pportunity to show him my feeling of authority. So I began to characterize my technique and how am I going to understand this problem.I put a rundown for all courses and the name of educators whom are showing it, at that point ,I put a second rundown with all the classes rooms In the structure, moreover, I put a third rundown with all the delegate names that we have in staff . Finaly , I sorted out the calendar besd upon the need and understudy/delegate need. I assembled the staff and show them the new changes in a subject that show how straightforward the strategy will be later on in the event that we followed the new improved calendar. ven thought we had a few contradictions as far as delegate obligations and dates, I figured out how to illuminate them and toward the end each one know his duty and was satisfied with the arrangement . My college is stil utilizing my arranged calendar and never rolled out any improvements in the previous three years which implies that my arrangement s worked faultlessly . In this situation I utilized an influential procedure to convince the advisory group about how importnant is to have a standerd motivation for future years which can assist understudies with preparing ahead to their tests and for delegate to know their obligations forthright .I disclosed likewise to the board of trustees that I included a get together arrangement for proctos on the off chance that one of them needed to take a vacation day or missed a test day for individual reason by simple change starting with one delegate then onto the next which defintly attempted to my advantage and their understanding. Taking everything into account, I discovered that Good listening is basic for acceptable administration so tuning in to others conclusions and recommendations will assist you with reaching a full understanding therefore picking up the regard from others due to focusing on their requirements.

An Introduction to an Effective Promotional Mix

An Introduction to an Effective Promotional Mix INTRODUCTION TO PROMOTIONAL MIX In this article, you will learn about 1) an introduction in marketing and promotional mix, 2) the key components of the promotional mix, 3) how to establish an effective promotional mix, and 4) a short  conclusion.INTRODUCTION TO PROMOTIONAL MIXThere are lots of things that must come together for a company to successfully promote its products or services; this is what is sometimes referred to as a company’s marketing mix. There are 4 key components to any marketing mix, and one of the most important is the promotional mix.The Promotional Mix in MarketingDefinition of the Promotional MixThe promotional mix is best described as a series of tools that a business uses to communicate the message of why consumers should buy their product.Why is the Promotional Mix Important?The answer is very simple. If customers don’t know about your services and products, you will not get any sales. So the promotional mix is critical because it is the way you effectively communicate the characteristi cs of your goods and services to generate sales.The Difference between Promotional Mix and Marketing MixThe marketing mix encompasses several aspects that attract new and repeat customers. The promotional mix is just one aspect of the overall marketing mix, and it focuses on communication and interaction with potential customers.Four Elements of the Marketing Mix:Product â€" Anything that can be offered to a potential customer that fills a want or need.Price â€" The marketing mix factor that controls the volume of sales.Place â€" The distribution of products and services at the right time and in the right place.Promotion Activities undertaken by a business to get the message out about its product or service to the target audience.It is worth noting that many times companies will consider ‘people’ as the 5th part of a sound marketing mix.[cp_modal id=cp_id_75506] [/cp_modal]The Focus of the Promotional MixThe main objective of the promotional mix is to inform, remind and persuade the target audience about their need for the company’s product or service.Why the Promotional Mix Is Important to MarketingIt is important to the overall marketing process because if customers do not know about the products and services offered, sales will be limited and the company will not survive as a result.KEY COMPONENTS OF THE PROMOTIONAL MIXPersonal SellingThis is often referred to as one-on-one or face-to-face selling. As the name implies, it establishes a direct in-person connection with a prospective customer that may build trust and lead to a sale; it is the only means of promotion that allows you to adjust the message as the sales situation is unfolding. The downside is that it is a very costly means of selling. Examples would be a salesman on the floor of a home improvement company or a representative in a booth at a trade show.AdvertisingThis is almos t the exact opposite of personal selling because it involves no direct face-to-face customer contact at all. It happens when companies make expenditures to promote their product through such things as media and the internet. The main advantage of this type of marketing is it’s a one-way conversation that helps the customer focus on the benefits of your product or service for them. As mentioned, its biggest drawback is establishing trust because of its impersonal nature. Examples of advertising are television commercials and pop-up ads on websites.Direct MarketingThis type of marketing tries to narrow the focus to a selected group of people who would be more interested in your product or service than others. Direct marketing can generate more sales because of its specific focus and it normally does it at less cost to the company; however, this type of marketing may be ill-received due to the sheer amount of it that people receive daily. Examples of this type of marketing are e-mail and direct mail advertising campaigns.Sales PromotionThis is actually a catch-all term that covers any type of promotions other than the ones that are specifically mentioned here. The advantage of them is that they can induce traffic and sales by changing a buyer’s perception of a product or service value. The disadvantage of sales promotions is the short-term nature of them often overshadows your company’s long-term sales goals. Sales promotions can be done by putting coupons on a flyer or snack chips being sold on a point-of-purchase display.Public RelationsThis type of promotion has to do with creating a favorable image for your company as opposed to supplying direct information about a particular product or service. The advantage of public relations is that it can raise the appeal and image of your company for future purchasing decisions in a cost effective way. It must be noted also that it is very difficult to judge the effectiveness of this promotional campaign.Good exam ples of this are a company that encourages others to give to disaster relief by matching donations or that hosts a run benefitting cancer research.Corporate ImageThis is very similar to public relations except it is more direct in nature. It seeks to shape the company’s image in a very specific way; this is closely related to branding. The benefit of a corporate image promotion is it can stop a declining sales trend because of poor perceptions about your product or service. The drawback to using this method is that people may see it for exactly what it is and be further dissuaded about purchasing your product or service.A few very good examples of this are an airline that starts a campaign to fix its perceived uncaring image after a fatal crash of one of its aircrafts or a restaurant chain that needs to fix the negative publicity of a severe food illness outbreak at one of their locations.SponsorshipThis type of advertising is very similar to public relations in that it deals with a company’s image. It takes place when your company links itself to an event that makes it look good in the community or gives the impression your company is giving back something to the public. It can also be a non-charitable event that your product closely relates to, like sponsoring a sports team.A sponsorship can do such things as brand enhancement if you do it in conjunction with another strong name, and it can also help your company’s entry into niche markets that are typically hard to break into. It is also normally cost effective for what your company gets out of it. The drawbacks to sponsorship are tarnishing your image if the event or team you sponsor gets caught doing something wrong, and you also have little control over the sponsorship situation.Examples of a sponsorship are a beer company that sponsors a football (soccer) team or partnering with the Red Cross on a fundraising project after a natural disaster.Internet PresenceHow big a role are internet promotions playing in the marketing mix these days? Let’s just say that they have their own category here where years ago they were just an afterthought. There is absolutely no doubt that the internet is now a very big promotional marketing channel, and most companies are highly aware of this fact. You would have to look far and wide these days for a company that does not have a website or at least a blog. There are also many specialty businesses that have been born for the sole purpose of helping other companies with their internet presence.A big part of using the internet as a promotional tool has to do with the rise of social media. Sure it’s free to get on and participate with such social media providers such as Facebook and Twitter, but it is far from free for businesses to advertise on social media. These providers know what a powerful tool social media has become for advertising and marketing, and it costs a fair amount for those who use it.People often refer to the world nowadays a s a digital globe because of all the high-tech things like computers and smartphones that dominate life for people. In order for companies to compete for business, they definitely need to firmly establish an online presence. The best way to do this is to have a website that is comprised of factual and relevant data to your product or service and then optimize your site to drive traffic to it. If a website is optimized for search engines (SEO), then it will show up on the first few pages after internet users search a generic keyword.Big companies have whole departments that specialize in building websites and driving traffic to them, but small businesses often lack an online presence and are poorly optimized to drive traffic to them. Some studies suggest that over 90% of small business websites are not search engine optimized, and it puts them at a big competitive disadvantage. If these sites were optimized, there is no doubt that their sales would increase if their product was good and priced fair. Establishing an internet presence is a big key for promoting products and services.HOW TO ESTABLISH AN EFFECTIVE PROMOTIONAL MIXHere are some steps for establishing an effective promotional mix at your company.Step 1:     Define your target audience profile.Establish who the ideal match for your product is based on who will most likely consider purchasing it. You will also have to decide if you will promote your product to just the end users or if you will be better off selling to distribution companies or retail outlets.Step 2:     Define the goals of your promotional mix.You have seen through the various promotional strategies that were introduced that the goal of any marketing mix does not necessarily have to take a direct approach to impact sales or profits, although this is always the end goal no matter what promotional strategy you use. There are times when an indirect approach will work better to increase sales than a direct approach; such is the case when a company is trying to fix a tarnished image. Think of all the types of promotions that BP did after the Gulf oil spill to give the image ‘they cared’ in order to keep the incident from running the company into the ground.So each individual marketing campaign will have to clearly define the end result it wants to achieve and then have the proper promotional strategy put into place to achieve the desired result. Once you establish the goal of your promotional mix, it is then easier to plan the rest of it.Step 3:     Define your message.There are two main factors that every promotional mix message has to have:Content â€" This is simply deciding what image you want to show with your product or service. It consists of both the written word and the graphics that you present to your target audience to convey the benefits of or needs for your product or service. It will normally appeal to things like a person’s need to eat healthy, ensure their safety or save money.Format â€" This is h ow your message will appeal to your target audience. Often you will have to think about the technical aspects of presenting your message. Formats may consist of such things as a live demonstration at a convention where you will need to consider the stage setup, lighting, and sound or a banner on a web page where you will have to consider the size and visual content of the banner itself.Step 4:     Decide how you will get the message to your target audience.If you look back at Section 2, you were given 8 methods that are widely used to promote products and services for sale. When you are trying to establish your marketing mix, at some point you will need to choose the strategy to market your goods and services. For example, you will have to decide if you will use a coupon on a flyer to promote your landscaping services, use direct mail to sell your brand of swimming pools or sponsor a booth in a boat show to help market your marine sportswear line.The method you choose to deliver the message to your target audience is more critical than any other part of designing your promotional mix. You have to think carefully when choosing. You probably would not want to market adult diapers using a strong internet presence because many seniors are fairly computer illiterate, but doing something like putting a coupon in a senior living magazine might work nicely.Step 5:     Determine what action you want your message to achieve.After you have chosen the method of delivery for your promotional message, you must then decide how you want it to be actionable. It is not enough for people to just see your product or service; you want to take it one step further like having them click on a ‘for more information’ button on a promotional web page that brings them to your main site or fill out a coupon for a free trip that supplies you with their contact information for use on a future direct mail campaign.Step 6:      Determine your budget.Your promotional budget is usually det ermined by a set percentage of what you are hoping the sales from your marketing campaign will be. It goes without saying that if you are working with a small budget you will have limited options at times; you may not be able to do such things as hire the most popular actor for a cameo appearance on a TV commercial.Step 7:     Define your promotional mix.Once you have determined your budget, you can then use it to define your promotional mix. Defining your promotional mix includes sectioning it into a percentage of the overall budget.Example: a promotional mix for a new dog toy with a budget of $10,000 might be 50% direct mail campaign ($5,000), 40% advertising in pet magazines ($4,000) and 10% point-of-purchase displays ($1,000).Step 8:     Put the plan into effect.One you have your promotional mix plan in place it is then time to put it into action.Step 9:     Put analysis and control measures into your plan.Lastly, you will want to be able to track your promotional mix plan to se e if you got the results from it that you desired. This will help make future plans more effective. Tracking can be done by such methods as looking at coupons that were filled out on a promotional flyer, looking at the number of visitors to a promotional page on your website or through follow-up surveys by customers after purchase.CONCLUSIONBy now you should be able to see just how important the promotional mix is to an overall marketing strategy. It is a key component of the marketing strategy that must be well thought out and well executed. If your company takes the time to do this, then you stand a good chance of meeting your overall sales goals when you take your marketing message to your target audience.

William Shakespeare s Macbeth - 1363 Words

Macbeth is without a doubt one of the most captivating plays, in my opinion written by William Shakespeare. Throughout this play there is definitely a numerous amount of things that can catch your attention, whether it is a trio of witches appearing, committing murder, or keeping secrets. However, what really catches my attention is the way Shakespeare uses language and unique style to create a distinct mood, and reveal characters’ inner thoughts. In the play Macbeth written by William Shakespeare, Macbeth had came back from battle where he is named a hero, and moments later he receives a prophecy by three witches who approach him and say that he will be the king, the thane of Cawdor, and the thane of Glamis. Shakespeare uses a style and specific diction using very poetic words to create a distinct mood, and he uses figurative language combined with drama to create suspense throughout the play. Thus, revealing the character s inner thoughts. A trio of witches confront Macbeth, saying that he is going to be someone very important. Macbeth is shocked at what that the witches are telling him. For example in Macbeth written by William Shakespeare(lines 49-51) it states, All hail,Macbeth!Hail to you thane of glamis! All hail, Macbeth !Hail to you, thane of Cawdor! All hail, Macbeth, the future king!(Shakespeare, 15)The witches are confronting Macbeth saying all of these things that Macbeth is unaware of. Toward the end of the witches quote they each say somethingShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 884 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth Summary - Act 5 Scenes 1 - 9 Written by Josh, Corey, Sinead, Phoebe and Mason Phoebe Scene 1: So the first scene begins with a physician overseeing Lady Macbeth sleepwalking and muttering to herself while rubbing her hands, trying to remove the imaginary blood. ‘Here’s the smell of the blood still: all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.’ (Act 5 Scene 1 Lines 11-12) This line is important as it represents Lady Macbeth at war with herself and shows she will never moveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 1289 Words   |  6 Pages 2015 Macbeth Literary Essay In this 16th century, classic play about a man hungry for power by William Shakespeare there are many intense instances of symbolism used to demonstrate and prove Macbeth’s feelings and behaviour throughout the book. 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Although there are many differences between the play and history, Shakespeare remains truthful in some aspectsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth s Fate823 Words   |  4 PagesTragedy of Macbeth, Shakespeare utilizes the battle between free will and destiny to make the reader question what the cause of Macbeth’s triumphs and ultimate demise was. Fate may come about in life, but it is ultimately up to a person’s own free will to make their own decisions. Macbeth’s fate in the play is determined by his own free will. Macbeth’s fate is determined by his own free will, as shown by his actions following the Weird Sister’s three prophecies. In the text, Shakespeare shows the

Two Degree Mobile case study - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2062 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Two degree mobile company is New Zealand s newest mobile network company. It launched in 2009. It is a private telecommunication industry. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Two Degree Mobile case study" essay for you Create order It establishes branches in various places but headquarter in Auckland. The market is highly concentrated with two large mobile network operators Vodafone and Telecom with a combined market share of approximately 90% of mobile subscribers and a recent new entrant Two Degrees with approximately 10% of subscribers. Market concentration is even higher if market shares are estimated by revenue levels rather than by subscriber numbers. The Commerce Commission has expressed a number of concerns relating to market performance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" especially in relation to the high level of prices and low volume of mobile voice calls; and the level of on-net discounts and traffic for voice and SMS services. On the basis of its belief that the combination of on-net pricing and high mobile termination rates creates barrier that restricts the ability of small network operators to compete with larger Mons, the Commerce Commission has introduced measures to monitor on-net discounting and traffic patterns. It has also determined that the price of the mobile termination access service should decrease towards its estimate of the underlying cost of providing the service. While Two Degrees is playing an important role in promoting competition in the New Zealand mobile market, we find that it will continue to face a number of challenges as it seeks to compete more effectively in the future. In particular, we find that: It is still, effectively, a new entrant in the New Zealand mobile market as it has deployed its own network in only some parts of the country, and is still seeking to roll-out its network in new areas. Further, it is still seeking to upgrade its network to match the network functionality of the existing Mons, and has yet to enter the large business and government market segments. Two Degrees is yet to turn over an annual operating profit despite acquiring almost 10% of market subscribers, which implies that it may not have yet reached minimum efficient scale. Overall mobile industry revenue growth rates are presently flat, with declining voice revenues being roughly matched by increases in SMS and data revenues. Prospects for rapid revenue growth are also limited given Two Degrees has entered the New Zealand mobile market during a mature phase of its development, with mobile penetration levels already in excess of 100%. For so long as Two Degrees has a significantly lower market share of mobile subscribers, it will always be vulnerable to the risk of anti-competitive on-net pricing offers being launched by its rivals in a way that could limit its ability to attract new customers. While Two Degrees continues to have its own network only deployed in major population centres in New Zealand; it will always be dependent on its rivals to provide nationwide network coverage via the acquisition of a national roaming service that is not, at present, subject to access price regulation. Question 1: Explain the role strategic marketing occupies in organization. Your answer must address how planning, decision making, selecting and pursuing marketing opportunities achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Strategic marketing: Marketing strategyis the goal of increasing sales and achieving a sustainablecompetitive advantage.Marketing strategy of 2 degrees includes all basic and long-term activities in the field of marketing that deal with the analysis of the strategic initial situation of a company and the formulation, evaluation and selection of market-oriented strategies and therefore contributes to the goals of the company and its marketing objectives. Planning: 2 degrees use the planning function for achievement of its goal. 2 degrees starts the planning with situation of current operation of an organization and identifies what needs to be improving for next year. 2 degrees also involves the result which they want to achieve and determine the process step by step. Decision making:- In an organization after planning decision making is done. First the manager make plan and then make decision on that plan to achieve goods of organization. After planning the manager takes the main decision and starts work step by step and then achieve the goal of organization. Selecting marketing opportunities to achieve sustainable competitive advantage: To achieve the advantages, the organization has to select the different marketing opportunities. After get the advantages of competitive part, the organization can achieve the goals. There are many competitive of 2 degrees like Vodafone, Telecom, Skinny mobiles and many more so 2 degree use this function for achieving the competitive advantage. Question 2: Explain the term marketing strategy in terms of how such a strategy helps a business unit achieve its marketing objectives. Product: Companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s product which company planning to market is with complete for new generation smart phone which have latest and new features which no other company provide. 2 degrees provide many facilities and plans for latest phones like it gives high speed internet and cheaper plans like in $29; customers get 300 minutes, 1 GB internet data and unlimited texts. So by these types of products, most of the customers are attracted by it and use 2 degrees. Promotion: This promotion can be achieved by powerful advertisement on media channels and by advertising the products on Internet too which acts a powerful advertisement tool nowadays. Secondly the advertisement can be carried out in magazines and newspaper. 2 degrees uses banners and posters as a promotion to attract the customers. Price: For this strategy, companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s main targets are all the people who uses the brand new product in smart phone world and college going students because they mostly uses internet so 2 degrees set the price by which they are satisfied. Company also give many types of plans like low roaming rates, low rates on international calling and so on. Place: If company segment the market clearly, then only we come to know potential place, while considering targeted customer living territory and distribution facilities. 2 degrees most of the sales are depending on the place strategy. 2 degrees arrange its most of branches in the city area or that place where population is high so they get more profit Question 3: Explain, identify and describe the six stages of strategic marketing planning process. Establish ability to work: In this point, manager has to make different teams for divide the work and then allocate all the resources and clarify all the task of plan. Also clarify the roles for different groups or team and make the situation to work. By all these, a person can establish the ability to work and start planning process. 2 degrees make the teams and the main in the team is established the work ability in the team. By this all the team members are take interest in their work so the manager established the ability in many ways like to give promotion, to give best worker price by this all the workers have ability to work hard. Analyse problem: For analyse problem, First thing is to collect all the information about problem and assess the importance of problem and also effects on society. Then try to get feedback from stakeholders. Develop alternate solution: After finding problem, first is to check the team staffing and collect alternative information. Than search for possible situation and after that define and describe the solution for the solving of problem. Evaluate alternative solution: For evaluation, First thing is to assess problem solving potential and derive potential efficiency. Moreover, estimate the expenditures and get cost efficiency also. Another thing is to collect adjusted efficiency adjusted efficiency and assess the acceptance of political parties or department. Set planning priorities: For solving the planning priorities, First thing is to estimate the expenditure of planning and then assess planning urgency and synergies and also derive planning priority by all these elements, planning priorities are set. ThePriority Setting Process Checklist(PSPC) provides a systematic approach to planning for priority setting. This tool is particularly useful when decision makers are allocating finite resources among multiple competing priorities, as ithelps users to identify necessary elements before the priority-setting process begins. Determine next step: For this step, first check completeness of decision draft and also assess recommendation for the planning process and at last make decision. Question 4: Explain the links between strategic marketing and corporate strategy. Mission statement: Mission statement is a statement of an organization or a company. The mission statement should guide the action of the organization and also give guidelines for decision making. It provides the framework for achieving the goal of a company. According to Bart, the commercial mission statement consists of three essential components: Key market: For 2 degrees all the people are targeted customers. Contribution: 2 degrees provide many types of services to their customers like to choose their own numbers for their card, online top up, high speed internet or 4G speed internets, cheaper plans, returns and refund policies, to solve customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s problems immediately and many more. It is a contribution of 2 degrees so customers are attracted by it and trust on it. Distinction: There are many services of 2 degrees but some are unique or most of the customers are like some of the services like to choose own numbers, return and refund, customers get the immediate solution of their problems etc. So this is distinction of two degrees and ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s all about why most of the people are using 2 degrees. Organizational structure: Anorganizational structuredefines how activities such as task allocation, coordination and supervision are directed towards the achievement of organizational aims. It can also be considered as the viewing glass or perspective through which individuals see their organization and its environment. Organizationsare a variant ofclustered entities. Every organization should concern about its structure. The structure clarifies relationship, roles and responsibilities. There are 5 main points in this structure: Job title. Specific task required. Supervisor and Sub ordinates. Units of department. Minimum skills for job. Corporate responsibilities and ethics: Corporate socialis a form ofcorporateself-regulationintegrated into abusiness model. CSR policy functions as a self-regulatory mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards and internationalnorms. In some models, a firms implementation of CSR goes beyond compliance and engages in actions that appear to further some social good, beyond the interests of the firm and that which is required by law. It is one type of the responsibility of 2 degrees to follow it for knowing of what is right and what right things to achieve the goal in the short time because it involves learning what is wrong and what is right and then doing right things to achieve the organizational goal. Ethics teach different rules of organization to the staff in very easy and simple way. Dynamic strategy: The word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"dynamicsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ appears frequently in discussions and writing about strategy, and is used in two distinct, though equally important senses. Thedynamics of strategy and performanceconcerns the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"contentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ of strategy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" initiatives, choices, policies and decisions adopted in an attempt to improve performance, and the results that arise from these managerial behaviours. By using of thedynamic model of the strategy process, 2 degreesmakes a way of understanding how strategic actions occur. It recognizes thatstrategic planningis dynamic, that is, strategy-making involves a complex pattern of actions and reactions. It is partially planned and partially unplanned. A literature search shows the first of these senses to be both the earliest and most widely used meaning of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"strategy dynamicsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, though that is not to diminish the importance of the dynamic view of the strateg y processes. Knowledge management system: 2 degrees uses the knowledge management system because it is the process of developing, sharing and effectively using organizational knowledge. It uses the best knowledge to achieve organizational objectives by using multi-disciplined approach. Knowledge management efforts typically focus on organisationalobjectivessuch as improved performance,competitive advantage,innovation, the sharing of lessons learned, integration andcontinuous improvementof the organisation. KM efforts overlap withorganisational learningand may be distinguished from that by a greater focus on the management of knowledge as a strategic asset and a focus on encouraging thesharing of knowledge. It is seen as an enabler of organisational learning and a more concrete mechanism than the previous abstract research. It includes courses taught in fields of business administration and management. So thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s why 2 degrees uses the knowledge management system and it is very important for it. Reference: www.google.co.nz www.2degrees.co.nz

Booker T Washington Free Essays

Booker T. Washington and the Struggle Against White Supremacy One of the most powerful black leaders to have ever live, this is what some people argued of Booker T. Washington. We will write a custom essay sample on Booker T Washington or any similar topic only for you Order Now With a black mother and white father he never knew, Washington was born into slavery near Hale’s Ford in Franklin County, Virginia. He worked growing up, and then attended Hampton Institute, a school designed to educate African and Native Americans. I don’t think he knew, that anybody knew, how much he would change the world over his lifetime. There were many racists view’s back then. Booker T. Washington learned how to work around whites to get what he wanted, and took many tours around the United States to teach other blacks. Racism has been around for years, and remains around today. The difference is that it was much more cruel back then. There were many racist views expressed by whites toward blacks in the 19th century. After Reconstruction, whites began to really express these views. They had seen that blacks had been involved in many black political activities and it pissed them off. They also were mad since they had lost the Civil War. They claimed that: â€Å"Blacks had had their fair chance, had demonstrated their present incapacity for self-government, and could justifiably be relegated, for time being at least, to an inferior status. † Black people where humiliated, beaten, and thrown in jail, and even killed. Whites also controlled blacks’ futures economically. They established black codes to ensure that blacks had stable labor force, which designated â€Å"servants† as employees and â€Å"masters† as employers. This prevented blacks from vagrancy or loitering, making them work even if they did not want to. Booker T. Washington was a very smart man, well at least I think he is. He knew how to get what he wanted, the psychology of â€Å"Black Survivalism†. He uses many survivalist tactics he used on white people to gain improved living conditions for blacks. Many people feel that he was a sellout, he was, but it gained from it. Washington believed that black people’s problems would be solved if they worked like whites needed. If they would abide by the law and cooperate, the industrial education would provide them with an economic niche. Eventually, he believed this would lead to economic independence. Of course, white people thought that Washington was trying to promote segregation and black inferiority. He was not trying to promote segregation, but he was going for black inferiority. Black people needed to do this. Washington was basically saying that if black people continued to work in their field, and other fields, they had the upper hand. They would learn all the techniques, and know everything about that field. Whites did not work, so they knew nothing. Without the blacks, they could not make any money. Booker T. Washington took many tours. The tour that I was most interested in was his tour of Florida. This caught my attention I live here in Florida. This is apart of its history. Washington started his tour of Florida on March 1, 1912. It lasted from March 1st til March 7th. His tour was sponsored by The Florida State Negro Business League. FSNBL was made up of businessmen and women who believed that they could form a â€Å"good strong organization† that would â€Å"benefit and up build the colored race†. They accomplished exactly what they wanted. Booker T. Washington’s first stop on the was Pensacola. Pensacola was the home of Matthew Lewey, the publisher of the first black newspaper in Florida, the Florida Sentinel. This was not only Lewey’s home though, it was mine also. I lived in Pensacola most of my life before moving to Tallahassee. A Negro business community, is what Washington had called Pensacola in 1907. To him it represented â€Å" that healthy progressive communal spirit, so necessary to our people†¦Ã¢â‚¬  By 1910, the city had declined from their â€Å"black progress and success†. Yet, here he was making his first stop here five years later. March 1, 1912 he spoke at the Opera House in Pensacola. His speech was heard by over two thousand people. There were eight hundred whites in attendance, the rest were black. In his speech he gave encouragement and moral advice. Saying: â€Å"We not only have the advantage in a state like Florida of securing land, but the further advantages of finding plenty of work,†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"There are few if any members of our race who have spent any considerable length of time in seeking labor, labor seeks them. Our condition is different from laboring people in many parts of the old world where they have to spend days and sometimes months in seeking labor and then are not able to find it. Washington left Pensacola for Tallahassee. He made a quick stop in Quincy to visit the Dunbar Graded School. When he arrived in Tallahassee he was greeted with a parade. This parade was led by the FAMC band. FAMC is now Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University. The band is now known as the Marching 100. Reading about my school in this book made me ev en more proud to be a rattler. The parade also consisted of black artisans, professional men, and farmers. Washington gave his speech on â€Å"Some of the Essential Things In Race Development†. Afterwards he was invited to FAMC for a formal reception. Washington then gave another encouraging speech. He complemented FAMC, saying: â€Å"the State of Florida†¦has provided for the Negros in this state the best plant with the best equipment of any state in the Union. † â€Å"I am glad to add that it is the best kept up plant, the cleanest, and the most systematically arranged of any that I have ever seen. † Booker T. Washington visited Lake City, Ocala, Tampa, Lakeland, Eatonville, Palatka, Daytona Beach, and finished his tour in Jacksonville on March 7, 1912. How to cite Booker T Washington, Papers Booker T Washington Free Essays Industrial Revolution in America (1870-1900) demanded a new social order and improved schooling system, new life philosophy and labor relations. Booker T Washington was one of the leaders who foreshadowed industrial changes and saw roots of social transformations in improved educational facilities and new philosophy of education. Thesis The main contribution of Washington is a new vision of education (â€Å"industrial education†), participation in political, economic and social life and support of industrial and personal development of black population and the South. We will write a custom essay sample on Booker T Washington or any similar topic only for you Order Now Washington transformed traditional education and created a new concept of ‘industrial education’. He supposed that moral training was much more important than intellectual instruction. He believed that the black race should abstain from politics and civil rights agitation until industrial education should have done its work. Industrial education was not so much technical as moral (Verney 38). Washington explained that ‘industrial education’ should help a man to improve his self-image and level of professional skills. In order to promote eh idea of â€Å"industrial education† and support black population, Washington opened his own school in 1881 in Alabama. The main benefit of this school was that Washington applied his philosophy of education to conditions of Southern regions and economic development of the South. â€Å"Its programs emphasized industrial training as a means to self-respect and economic independence for black people† (Washington 50271). Booker T Washington was an advisor of the African American community taking an active part in political, economic and social life of this period. In many cases Washington not only seemed to agree with those whites who were moderate in their racial views and conservative in their economic views, he actually did agree with them, and they correctly sensed his response (Brock n. d. ). Following Verney (2001): In his solicitation for funds in the North, he carried letters of endorsement from a succession of Alabama governors and superintendents of education, for whom Tuskegee Institute was both an economic stimulant and a social tranquilizer (67). Washington had a great impact on political life in the region trying to solve racial problems and segregation. Financially, he received support from philanthropists, and introduced and organized educational programs for black students. In social sphere he had a great impact on views and life perception of black population promulgating ideas of equality and skillful labor (Verney 87). Publicly, Washington accepted a separate and unequal life for black people, but accepted black strength, self-improvement, and mutual aid. Booker T Washington supported industrial development in all spheres of life reinterpreting the role of black people in economy. â€Å"With the coming Industrial Revolution of the North, Washington envisioned many economic opportunities for freedmen in the South† (Brock n. d. ). Washington supported the idea of industrialization of the South and economic development of the poor regions. â€Å"This industrial training, emphasizing as it does the idea of economic production, is gradually bringing the South to the point where it is feeding itself† (Washington n. d. ). He saw improved position of black people as the main source of industrial development of the nation (Verney 87). Washington supported and welcomed industrial Revolution and economic progress through new educational approaches and social support of the coming changes. He stated that Industrial revolution opened new perspectives and opportunities for a wide number of people employed in industry including black population and former slaves. Washington supposed that industrial development of the South and improved conditions of life would benefit the whole country. He saw â€Å"industrial education† and personal development of black population as the main engine of Industrial Revolution. Works Cited 1. Brock, R. E. N. d. Cast Down Your Buckets Where You Are. 07 June 2007, from http://afgen. com/cast_down. html 2. Washington, B. T. n. d. The Awakening of the Negro (1896). 07 June 2007, from http://xroads. virginia. edu/~hyper/WASHINGTON/awakening. html 3. Washington, Booker Taliaferro. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2004. 50271. 4. Verney, K. J. Art of the Possible: Booker T. Washington. Garland Publishing Inc, US, 2001. How to cite Booker T Washington, Papers

Ethical Issues in Business free essay sample

Ethical Issues in Business. It seems that every day in the news we are hearing of new company that has acted at least unethically and possibly illegally in the operation and financial reporting of their companys business dealings. There are many ethical issues in business. One major issue that we see is over and under reporting net income. Companies like to show that every quarter the net income of the business has an increase or profit. In order to show this they adopt unethical or illegal means in the operation and financial reporting. One such method is the indiscriminate use of stock options for employees that enable companies to take employment costs off balance sheet and inflate earnings. With the recent ethical issues we have had companies over the years it is important that we pay close attention to financial reporting provided by companies. This method will reduce the equilibrium price and increase equilibrium quantity for this companys products and services. The reason for this is that the wage is bill is shown lower than what it actually is. This causes the supply curve to shift to the right. With an increase in supply, if the firm is a monopoly/oligopoly/monopolistic competition, there will be a decline in the price of the product of the firm. In case the firm is operating in perfect competition, there will only be an increase in the quantity the company sells in the market. The scenario described above indicates that there is a shift in the supply curve, in other words the costs are shown to be lower than what they actually are at the time. The supply curve shift to its right but its elasticity is not affected. As the method described above does not relate to demand, the elasticity of demand is not directly affected. Any market structure, perfect, monopoly, oligopoly or monopolistic competition, the same ethical issues arise, the salary cost is underreported because of the use of stock options. This means costs are shown at a lower rate and profits are inflated. The decision to show inflated profits is unethical. From the deontological ethical perspective it is the duty of the management to show the correct profits and not inflated profits. Chapter 3, Question 14 Assuming that the demand and supply for premium coffees are in equilibrium, the price will be at a constant, without significant pressure from the market. If Starbucks introduced the world to premium blends, this would cause a positive shift in the demand curve. There a higher equilibrium price and higher quantity when demand increases and supply remain unchanged. As prices increase, and the market moves to a new equilibrium, we will see higher wages, more advances and investments in technology and infrastructure, and greater competition. As production become more efficient and competition becomes greater, supply will increase and cause prices to settle back down. There are several factors that will impact the long-term equilibrium, such as changes in supply. For example, if a hard freeze eliminated Brazil’s premium coffee crop, this would cause a negative shift in the supply curve. Assuming demand remains constant a negative shift in the supply curve will cause quantity to decrease and equilibrium price to increase. Research shows that in 2011 a frost occurred in Brazils southeastern coffee growing belt. Traders worried that next years yields could be hurt. At the same time, heavy rains during harvest forced Columbia to reduce its crop estimate for 2011. Understanding the impact of problems along the supply chain and how the changes in supply will impact prices in the market allows real world investors to make predictions of price in the future. This is important for businesses along the supply chain as well, in order to â€Å"stay ahead of the curve† when making strategic business decisions. ? Chapter 5, Question 17 Assuming there is a large rise in the demand for computer chips and potato chips. Potato chips manufacturers will be able to respond to a rise in demand quicker than a computer chip manufacturer. This is due to the fact that potatoes are more readily available, and the process for making potato chips is not as involved or difficult. The tools, materials and highly skilled labor force it takes to manufacture computer chips are more complex and will require more time to complete. Both manufacturers may attempt to ramp up production by adding another shift to the existing production line. Another option in the short run may be to contract another company to assist with the manufacturing as the demand increases or purchase/rent additional equipment to expand the production lines as needed to keep up with the demand and process request. In the overall big picture the positive shift in demand will put pressure on the market for increased competition. In order to maintain market share and maintain competitive advantage, both manufacturers will need to deliver value to the customer either in the form of a differentiated product or lower prices. In the long run, both of these priorities will be achieved through investment. A decision will have to be made that either investment in more efficient production and supply chain management, or more investment in a better product that stands out in the market. The long run success will also be dependent on the abilities of the entire supply chain to keep up with demand. If the demand is large but you are unable to meet the demand and supply the products it means nothing. The disadvantage of the potato chip company is that no matter how many potato chip factories you build, the manufacturer is still at the mercy of how many potato crops can be grown in a given season.

Fostering Interpersonal Relationships in Diverse Groups

Proper interpersonal relationship is an essential provision within international corporations. Additionally, the aspects of diversity must be considered within organizations in order to enhance competitiveness, distinctiveness, prosperity, and uphold meaningful competitive advantages.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fostering Interpersonal Relationships in Diverse Groups specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A marketing campaign (organized by a global U.S. Corporation) meant to recruit team members in Greece, Singapore, Germany, and Iran must consider the provisions of varying cultures, diversity, interpersonal relations, and other relevant provisions in the recruitment drive. Since the organization endeavors to attain an international outlook, dominance, and presence, it is crucial to consider such provisions during the development of a viable recruitment drive (House, Gupta, Dorfman Javidan, 2004). This move will c onsider and nurture the aspects of Cultural differences, gender provisions, power distance, future performances, individualistic vs. collectivist patterns, uncertainty avoidance, and assertiveness, among other considerable virtues. There are numerous ways through which an organization can foster interpersonal relationships among the diverse groups of people from the four concerned cultures, namely Greece, Singapore, Germany, and Iran. Evidently, each country has varying cultures in the realms of their lifestyles, operations, and workplace provisions. In order to foster interpersonal relationships, the aspects of tolerance, understanding, support, flexibility, and cultural dynamism are essential. They allow one to relate perfectly with others despite the cultural and individual differences (Firestone Catlett, 2009). It is crucial to consider such provisions in the diverse contexts due to their viability and appropriateness. By promoting tolerance among the concerned individuals, it is possible to enhance the interpersonal relationships in a diverse workforce. Encouraging teamwork, providing individuals with considerable and equal opportunities within the workforce, as well as nurturing each person’s distinctiveness can help in fostering interpersonal relationships considerably. It is also essential to appreciate gender differences, enhance equality, enhance future performances, and reduce the provisions of power distance within international corporations. The understanding of honor and diversity across the four cultures of Greece, Singapore, Germany, and Iran can be improved through numerous ways. It is essential to enlighten the concerned stakeholders on the importance of diversity and how it can be nurtured to benefit the concerned organizations.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, cultural differences can be used to improve the comp etitiveness, international presence, viability, and competitive advantages of the concerned company despite the challenges. This is a critical provision in diverse contexts, as indicated earlier. Another practice meant to develop/improve the understanding of honor and diversity within the concerned organization is the development of equity and justness within the workforce (House, Gupta, Dorfman Javidan, 2004). Since the four countries differ considerably in the aspects of culture, it is crucial to consider viable provisions regarding this issue. Some cultures have established and embraced the provisions of individualism, while others have embraced collectivism. Operating contextually in every country might enhance the prosperity of the organization. Additionally, minimizing power distance and avoiding uncertainties can actually help in the situation. It is crucial to understand how to be a servant leader to employees from each of the four countries, namely Greece, Singapore, Germa ny, and Iran. Since each country possesses distinctive workplace cultures, a servant leader in each country must understand the environment of operation, embrace interpersonal relationships, lead by examples, establish/embrace teamwork, and consider other viable provisions that will uphold the productivity of the workforce (Grà ¶schl, 2011). This occurs while regarding diverse stipulations in each country. Additionally, a servant leader must prospect the intended future performances of the organization in respective countries. This will help in organizing business prospects within the corporation. Concurrently, it is essential to be assertive in some circumstances. References Firestone, R. Catlett, J. (2009). The ethics of interpersonal relationships. London: Karnac. Grà ¶schl, S. (2011). Diversity in the Workplace: Multi-disciplinary and International Perspectives. Farnham: Gower. House, R., Gupta, V., Dorfman, P. Javidan, M. (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fostering Interpersonal Relationships in Diverse Groups specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Fostering Interpersonal Relationships in Diverse Groups was written and submitted by user Tanner H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Social and Political Themes in the Movie Milk Essays

Social and Political Themes in the Movie Milk Essays Social and Political Themes in the Movie Milk Paper Social and Political Themes in the Movie Milk Paper Extra Credit Assignment MILK 1. What are the main themes, politically and socially, that are portrayed in the film? Milk is a biographical film based on the triumphs and struggles of Harvey Milk. He was a gay rights activist and the first openly gay elected official in California. Socially, the film addresses the discrimination homosexuals faced on a daily basis. â€Å"(T)he normal majority†, as labeled by Anita Bryant, inflicted prejudice upon the homosexual minority. â€Å"The Castro†, the name of a street in an area often inhabited by homosexual bars and such places, portrays the clan like social groupings. The entire neighborhood however was not friendly. A fellow merchant on Castro Street refused to allow Milk to join the Merchant’s Association and even threatened to call the police and have his business license revoked on no legal grounds. Homosexuals were often portrayed as social deviants and often faced severe police brutality. The film addresses many political issues, as it is centered on the gay rights movement. Milk faces multiple loses at the voting polls before making it as a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. The quote, â€Å"I am not a candidate, I am part of a movement. The movement is the candidate†, Milk said and that resonated with me. In the face of defeat he often said that its not only about winning, it’s about making a statement and getting the attention needed for change. Milk just wanted fair and equal representation, he didn’t necessarily have to be the one to be in office. 2. Discuss the overall significance of the events portrayed in the film and how they relate to changes in American society. In the film, Harvey Milk stated, â€Å"almost everything was done with an eye on the gay movement†. He compared it to the civil rights movement of the African Americans. He said that they had a leader and a successful movement and it was time for homosexuals to have the same. Like other civil rights movements, the gay rights movement created legal and social reform. It brought awareness to inequality among equal beings. Milk also stated that he didn’t want to limit himself to gay rights. He also wanted to include blacks, Asians, and the disabled in a human rights movement. 3. Choose 2 scenes from the film and discuss what is important about them. I was very bothered by the comments Anita Bryant made during a televised speech that was shown in the film. She was an orange juice sales woman who was working to repeal laws that protect homosexual human rights; specifically in employment and housing. She described homosexuality as â€Å"tearing down the foundation of the family unit† and compared gays to prostitutes and thieves. She tried to convince the public that the traditional family was being threatened and that practicing or accepting homosexuality was blasphemy. Although the scenes of Harvey Milk recording his voice were split up throughout the film, I felt it to be the most powerful. Not only does he address the substantial probability of being assassinated, he does so calmly and courageously. He stated that, â€Å"a gay activist is the target for someone who is insecure†. As he did throughout his encounters with all kinds of people, he also stated that he often broke the tension when giving a speech to mostly straight men by telling a joke. Milk accomplished a lot for the gay rights movement, one that is still fighting today, and he did so with integrity, hard work, and sporadic humor. 4. What did you like best/ and or least about the film? What I liked best about the film was Milk’s personal character. He was stubborn and kind at the same time. He also exudes his kindness in both his personal relationships and political affairs. His angry and determined moments on the campaign were balanced out by his romanticism in his personal life. 5. What did you learn that you did not previously know about the time period of the film? I was shocked to learn of the police brutality during this time period. In the very beginning of the film, as the credits are running, newspaper headlines are shown in the background. The articles were about people being arrested for absurd charges. For example, a bartender was arrested for serving alcohol to homosexuals.

Building Relationships Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Building Relationships - Research Paper Example The stakeholders of an educational institute not only include the community of scholars working for the institute but also include those working outside the institute. The better the relationship between the head of the institute and the stakeholders, improved will be the performance of the institute. The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate the significance of building relationships with stakeholders both within and outside the higher educational institutes. Although there are many stakeholders who contribute in some way or other for the success of an educational institute, but in this paper the focus will be on two main stakeholders with whom the leader must collaborate: faculty and boards. The relationship-building process for the leaders of educational institutes relies on the belief that collaboration is successful only when it is done at both personal and professional levels. Leaders need to build relationships with the faculty members based on mutual interests. They need to identify mutual goals, as well as the ways to accomplish those goals. Leaders need to see things from the faculty’s perspective in order come up with proper solutions regarding emerging or emerged conflicts and issues. Leaders must know the importance establishing friendly relationships with the faculty because when staff will be free of managerial pressure issue, they will show more consistency and dedication to their job responsibilities which will eventually have a positive impact on the overall performance of the students. Positive relationships with teachers enhance their level of job satisfaction (Maele & Houtte, 2012, p. 879). Equality is the first step in the relationship building process with the faculty. Leaders need to consider all faculty members equal so that the chances of discrimination get less as much as possible. Faculty members

Intercultral Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intercultral Experience - Essay Example I googled ‘Tibetan Meditation’ and a rather large list of meditiation classes, books and journals popped up. I decided to check out one of them, which said that 15 minutes per day was all that was required. When I entered the site, there was soft music playing and text slowly scrolled down the page, asking me to read something about this type of meditation. I almost closed the site but then I decided to continue and suddenly, it was 20 minutes later. I had learned something about Tibetan history, of the destructive power of stress and of the healing power of meditation. When I had finished reading, there was a little questionnaire, asking me about my sleeping habits, the way I breathe and a number of other questions, all related to stress. After I had answered everything, I had to give my first name – which I was ok with – and a little folder popped up with my name on it. When I opened it, it had in it a series of exercises, 10 of them, with repetitions and some buttons to chose music and the pace at which I wanted to do the exercises. By now I was thoroughly hooked and I did the exercises straight away. The first set just asked me to sit quietly and close my eyes. The next one asked me to rotate my head, first forward, then sideways, backwards and to the other side.

Quantitative Determination of Sulphate

Quantitative Determination of Sulphate Quantitative Determination of Sulphate by Gravimetric Analysis Yeo Yi Joshua Gravimetric analysis is a quantitative method to determine the amount of a substance, sulphate, by selective precipitation of the substance from an aqueous solution. In this experiment, the amount of sulphate is determined quantitatively as barium sulphate, BaSO4 by gravimetric analysis. This experiment will allow one to determine the amount of sulphate SO42- by the gravimetric method. This determination is done by slowly adding a dilute solution of barium chloride, BaCl2 to a hot unknown sulphate slightly acidified with concentrated HCl. The reaction is as followed, Ba2+ + SO42- → BaSO4 (white precipitate). The white precipitate is then filtered off, washed with water, dried in the oven, and weighed as barium sulphate. The percentage of sulphate is then calculated from the weight of barium sulphate. According to the results, the concentration of SO42- we obtained was 0.0345M and 3.31 g/L, which was close to the theoretical value of 3.38 g/L, at only a deviation of 2.11%. The experiment was successful and the results obtained were desirable. The objective of the experiment is to determine the amount of sulphate by the gravimetric method. In this experiment, the precipitation gravimetric method is used. The unknown sulfate solution is converted into an insoluble white compound, BaSO4. It is then filtered by suction filtration, washed, dried and weighed to determine the amount of sulphate. The following diagram shows the outline of the experiment. 3.1 Gravimetric Analysis Gravimetric analysis is defined as the quantitative analysis of the chemical composition of substances of materials based on the separation of each component of interest and weighting either the purified compound or a derivative of it. Gravimetric analysis include precipitation, volatilisation and electro-analytical methods. The precipitation method involves converting the analyte to a sparingly soluble precipitate which is then filtered, washed free of impurities and converted to a compound of known composition by suitable heat treatment which can be weighed. The volatilisation method involves volatilising the analyte of its decomposition products at suitable temperature. The product is then collected and weighed or alternatively determined indirectly from the loss in mass of the sample. The electro-analytical method involves the depositing electrically the element to be estimated on a suitable electrode, avoiding filtration and decomposition, by controlling the experimental conditions. This is based on Faraday’s Second Law, i.e. when a given current is passed in series through the solution containing various ions, the amount of substances that is deposited will be in the ratio of their chemical equivalent. In this experiment, the quantitative determination of sulfate, as barium sulfate BaSO4, is done by the precipitation method of gravimetric analysis. This involves precipitation by slowly adding a dilute solution of barium chloride, BaCl2, to a hot unknown sulfate solution slightly acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid, HCl. The white precipitate is filtered off, washed with water, dried in the oven, and weighed as barium sulfate. The percentage of sulfate is then calculated from the weight of barium sulfate, this include the molarity and concentration of sulfate, SO42-, in g/L. 3.2 Reaction In the experiment, dilute barium chloride is added to an unknown sulfate solution slightly acidified with concentration HCl. Reaction: Ba2+ + SO42- → BaSO4 (precipitate) The mole ratio of SO42- : BaSO4 is 1:1. Thus, for every 1 mole of SO42-, there will be 1 mole of BaSO4. Since Moles of Solute (mol) = Molarity (M) x Volume (L) and Moles of Solute (mol) = Weight (g) à · Molar Mass (g/mol), the molarity of SO42- can be easily obtained with the volume of SO42- weight of BaSO4 and molar mass of BaSO4. 3.3 Precipitation 3.3.1 Conditions of Precipitation Precipitating agent should be mixed slowly and with constant agitation. This keeps the degree of supersaturation small and will help in the formation of crystalline precipitate. Precipitation should be carried out in dilute solution. Precipitation should be carried out in hot solution, provided the precipitate is stable at higher temperature. Crystalline precipitate should be digested for a longer time. Precipitates should be preferable washed with dilution solution of appropriate electrolyte. Washing with water is avoided as it leads to peptisation. Precipitates that are contaminated by co-precipitation or others are dissolved in a suitable solvent and then reprecipitated from the solution. 3.3.2 Properties of Precipitates Precipitate should be of sufficiently low solubility such that no sufficient loss of the solid occurs during filtration and washing Physical nature of the precipitate should be such that it can be readily separated by filtration and be washed free of soluble impurities i.e. particles should be size such that they cannot pass through the filtering media and particle size is unaffected by washing Precipitate should be stable and unreactive to atmospheric conditions Precipitate must be convertible to a pure compound of definite and known chemical composition. This may be possible by either ignition or by simple operation such as evaporation. 3.3.3 Particle Size of Precipitates The particle size of a precipitate is influenced by precipitate solubility, temperature, reactant concentrations, and the rate at which reactants are mixed. The net effect of these variables can be qualitatively accounted for by assuming that the particle size is related to a single property of the system called relative supersaturation. Q is the concentration of the solute at any instance and S is the equilibrium solubility. This equation is known at the Von Weimarn equation in recognition of the scientist who proposed it in 1925. The particle size of a precipitate varies inversely with the average relative supersaturation during the time when the reagent is being introduced. Thus, when the relative supersaturation is large, the precipitate tends to be colloidal, and when the relative supersaturation is small, a crystalline solid is more likely. A colloid consists of solid particles with diameters that are less than 10-4 cm. 3.3.4 Mechanism of Precipitation A supersaturated solution is an unstable solution that contains a higher solute concentration than a precipitated solution. As excess solution precipitates with time, supersaturation decrease to zero. Precipitates form by nucleation and by particle growth. Nucleation is a process in which a minimum number of atoms, ions, or molecules join together to give a stable solid. These nuclei form on the surface of the suspended solid contaminants, such as dust particles. Further precipitation then is governed by the competition between additional nucleation and growth of existing nuclei (particle growth). Adsorption is a process in which a substance (gas, liquid or solid is held on the surface of a solid. In contrast, absorption is retention of a substance within the pores of a solid. The charge on a colloidal particle formed in a gravimetric analysis is determined by the charge of the lattice ion that is in excess when the precipitation is complete. Digestion is a process in which a precipitate is heated in the solution which is was formed (the mother liquor) and allowed to stand in contact with the solution. Mother liquor is the solution from which a precipitate was formed. Digestion improves the purity and filterability of both colloidal and crystalline precipitates. 4.1 Outline 4.1 Precipitation of BaSO4 4.2 Washing and Filtering BaSO4 Precipitate 4.3 Drying and Weighing BaSO4 Precipitate 5.1 Weights Weight of crucible with the precipitate = 17.7473g Weight of crucible (with a piece of filter paper) = 17.5462g à ¯Ã‚ Ã…“ Weight of BaSO4 precipitate = Weight of crucible with the precipitate Weight of crucible (with a piece of filter paper) = 17.7473g 17.5462g = 0.2011 g 5.2 Molarity and Concentration Ba2+ + SO42- → BaSO4 (precipitate) (Mol Weight BaSO4 = 233.33 g/mol) à ¯Ã‚ Ã…“ Molarity of SO42- = 0.0344747 M = 0.0345 M à ¯Ã‚ Ã…“ Concentration of SO42- in g/L = Molarity of SO42- x Mol wt of SO42- = 3.313026 g/L = 3.31 g/L 6.1 Theoretical Values [SO42-] = 0.0352 M = 0.0334 – 0.0376 M (5% deviation) = 3.38 g/L = 3.21 – 3.55 g/L (5% deviation) 6.2 Comparison of Results The concentration of SO42- we obtained was 0.0345M and 3.31 g/L, which was within the 5% deviation range of 3.21 – 3.55 g/L. It was relatively close to the theoretical value of 3.38 g/L, at only a deviation of 2.11%. The results above show that the experiment was successful as the actual value was close to the theoretical value. 6.3 Precautions Taken To obtain the best results, BaSO4 crystals should be as large as possible. This facilitates filtration and washing of the crystals and the decreased surface area minimizes the amount of impurities adsorbed onto the crystals. Generally, larger crystals are obtained when the rate of precipitation is lower. The rate of precipitation can be decreased by slightly increasing the solubility of BaSO4. To minimise the rate of precipitation, the following were done: Adding 5 drops of concentrated HCl. Adding HCl increases the solubility by lowering the pH. The solubility of BaSO4 at room temperature is around 0.3-0.4 mg per 100 g of water and increases when excessive amount of mineral acid is present. Additionally, precipitation should be done in an acidic medium as when done in neutral and basic mediums, Ba2+ ions precipitate with PO43-, CO32- or OH ions which are present in the solution. Addition of excess acid is avoided. Heating to boiling. Adding BaCl2 dropwise with vigorous stirring. At the end of the precipitation, a few drops of BaCl2 was added to the clear supernatant liquid to test for complete precipitation. After precipitation, suction filtration was performed. Suction filtration allows a higher rate of filtration by using a pressure gradient created by the aspirator. The precipitate was washed with deionised water and dried in the oven. It was then placed in a desiccator. The function of a desiccator is to remove moisture from a substance or to protect a substance from moisture, thus preventing water from the humidity in the environment to react with the substance. 6.4 Sources of Error 6.4.1 Coprecipitation Coprecipitation is a process in which normally soluble compounds are carried out of solution by a precipitate. There are four types of Coprecipitation: surface adsorption, mixed-crystal formation, occlusion and mechanical entrapment. Surface adsorption and mixed-crystal formation are equilibrium processes, and occlusion and mechanical entrapment arise from the kinetics of crystal growth. Coprecipitation impurities may cause either negative or positive errors in an analysis. If the contaminant is not a compound of the ion being determined, a positive error will always result. In contrast, when the contaminant does contain the ion being determined, either positive or negative errors may occur. 6.4.2 Surface Adsorption Adsorption is often the major source of contamination in coagulated colloids (large specific surface areas) but of no significance in crystalline precipitates. Although adsorption does occur in crystalline solids, its effect on purity are usually undetectable because of the relatively small specific surface area. Coagulation of a colloid does not significantly decrease the amount of adsorption because the coagulated solid still contains large internal surface areas that remain exposed to the solvent. The coprecipitated contaminant on the coagulated colloid consists of the lattice ion originally absorbed on the surface before coagulation plus the counter-ion of opposite charge held in the film of solution immediately adjacent to the particle. The net effect of surface adsorption is the carrying down of an otherwise soluble compound as a surface contaminant. 6.4.3 Mixed-Crystal Formation In mixed-crystal formation, which is also known as inclusion, one of the ions in the crystal lattice of a solid is replaced by an ion of another element. For this to occur, the two ions must have the same charge and their sizes must differ by no more than 5%. Furthermore, the two salts must belong to the same crystal class. The extent of mixed-crystal contamination is governed by the law of mass action and increases as the ratio of contaminant to analyte concentration increases. Little can be done about it when certain combinations of ions are present in a sample matrix. This problem occurs with both colloidal suspensions and crystalline precipitates. When this occurs, the interfering ion may have to be separated before the final precipitation step. Alternatively, a different precipitating reagent that does not give mixed crystals with the ions in question may be used. 6.4.4 Occlusion and Mechanical Entrapment When a crystal is growing rapidly during precipitate formation, foreign ions in the counter-ion layer may become trapped, or occluded, within the growing crystal. Because supersaturation and thus growth rate decreases as precipitation progresses, the amount of occluded material is greatest in that part of a crystal that forms first. Mechanical entrapment occurs when crystals lie close together during growth. Several crystals grow together and in so doing trap a portion of the solution in a tiny pocket. Both occlusion and mechanical entrapment are at a minimum when the rate of precipitation formation is low, under conditions of low supersaturation. In addition, digestion often reduces the effects of these types of coprecipitation. The rapid dissolving and reprecipitation that occur at the elevated temperature of digestion open up the pockets and allow the impurities to escape into the solution. 6.4.5 Peptisation Peptisation is the process by which a coagulated colloid reverts to its original dispersed state. When a coagulated colloid is washed, some of the electrolyte responsible for its coagulation is leached from the internal liquid in contact with the solid particles. Removal of this electrolyte has the effect of increasing the volume of the counter-ion layer. The repulsive forces responsible for the original colloidal state are then re-established, and particles detach themselves from the coagulated mass. The washings become cloudy as the freshly dispersed particles pass through the filter. Washing is needed to minimised contamination but there is a risk of losses resulting from peptisation if pure water is used. This is usually solved by washing the precipitate with a solution containing an electrolyte that volatilises when the precipitate is dried or ignited. 6.4.6. Postprecipitation Post precipitation occurs when the top of the precipitate, which is in contact with the mother liquor is contaminated by precipitation of impurities. This may be due to the primary adsorption of the common ion in excess, whereby the supersaturated solution of the second material is formed on the surface of the particle which offers nucleation sites to break supersaturation and causes a secondary precipitate to form. 6.5 Improvements 6.5.1 Minimising Adsorbed Impurities on Colloids The purity of many coagulated colloids is improved by digestion. Digestion is a process in which a precipitate is heated in the solution which is was formed (the mother liquor) and allowed to stand in contact with the solution. During digestion, water is expelled from the solid to give a denser mass that has a smaller specific surface area for adsorption. Washing a coagulated colloid with a solution containing a volatile electrolyte is also helpful because any non-volatile electrolyte added earlier to cause coagulation is displaced by the volatile species. Washing generally does not remove much of the primarily adsorbed ions because the attraction between these ions and the surface of the solid is too strong. Exchange occurs, however, between existing counter-ions and ions in the wash liquid. 6.5.2 Reprecipitation An effective way to minimise the effects of adsorption is reprecipitation. Reprecipitation adds substantially to the time required for an analysis. In this process, the filtered solid is redissolved and reprecipitated. The first precipitate carries down a fraction of the contaminant present in the original solvent. Thus, the solution containing the redissolved precipitate has a significantly lower contaminant concentration than the original, and even less adsorption occurs during the second precipitation. 6.5.3 Precipitation from Homogenous Solution Precipitation from homogenous solution is a technique in which a precipitating agent is generated in a solution of the analyte by a slow chemical reaction. Local reagent excesses do not occur because the precipitating agent appears gradually and homogenously throughout the solution and reacts immediately with the analyte. Thus, relative supersaturation is kept low during the entire precipitation and homogenously formed precipitates are better suited for analysis. This results in marked increase in crystal size as well as improvements in purity. In a nutshell, the experiment was a success and the results obtained were desirable. According to the results, the concentration of SO42- we obtained was 0.0345M and 3.31 g/L, which was close to the theoretical value of 3.38 g/L, at only a deviation of 2.11%. Although there may have been various possible sources of error, we have minimised them by lowering the rate of precipitation. The amount of sulfate was successfully determined by gravimetric analysis. A. V. Kasture , H. N. More, K. R. Mahadik , S. G. Wadodkar. 2008. Pharmaceutical Analysis Vol. – I. Pragati Books Pvt. Ltd. Braun, R.D. 1982, Introduction to chemical analysis, McGraw-Hill, New York. Cammack, R. 2006, Oxford dictionary of biochemistry and molecular biology, Oxford University Press Oxford, Oxford Erdey, L., Belcher, R. Gordon, L. 2013, Gravimetric Analysis : International Series of Monographs in Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 7, Pergamon, Burlington. Skoog, D.A. 2014, Fundamentals of analytical chemistry, Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning, Australia. Davidson College Chemistry Resources. Gravimetric Analysis [online]. Available from: http://www.chm.davidson.edu/ronutt/che115/ VIII_gravi.pdf [Accessed 20 December 2014] Middle East Technical University. Gravimetric Determination of Sulfate in a Soluble Sample [online]. Available from: http://www.metu.edu.tr/~chem223/sulfate.pdf [Accessed 20 December 2014] Santa Monica College. Gravimetric Analysis [online]. Available from: http://www.smc.edu/projects/28/Chemistry_11_Experiments/Gravimetric_Analysis_Procedure.pdf [Accessed 20 December 2014] Texas AM University. Gravimetric Analysis [online]. Available from: https://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/majors/tutorialnotefiles/gravimetric.htm [Accessed 20 December 2014]

Pocahontas: Reel vs Real Essay

The Disney version of Pocahontas and the real story have many differences such as the romance, Pocahontas’ personality, and how the story ended. Disney has romanticized the tragic story of Pocahontas into not one, but two cartoons, with a target audience of children. And with deeply embedded messages into the plot of love and strength, many differences surface, showing off Disney’s ability to make a story of war, captives, and death a happy tale for children to enjoy. In the Disney version, the plot takes on a very dominant love story between Pocahontas and John Smith. The two meet in the woods while John Smith, an explorer who came from England to the New World, is scoping out the land for savages. Pocahontas was intrigued by the new people who had encroached on her father’s territory. When their paths crossed and they met, Hollywood worked their magic and Pocahontas and John Smith fall in love. And like any good love story there were obstacles in the way of the ir relationships. Like Pocahontas’ father warning his people to avoid the new â€Å"white people†; Pocahontas was engaged to Kocoum; and John Smith’s crew believed that all Indians were savages. But the two overcame all the obstacles in their way. Kocoum was killed by a crew member of John Smith’s and John was captured by the Powhatan tribe and was sentenced to death. So Pocahontas saved John’s life and made peace between the colony and her tribe. As romantic as the Disney version is, the true story takes a much less Hollywood love story route. When John Smith and Pocahontas met, they hardly would have considered â€Å"love†. According to dates and records when, or if, John and Pocahontas met a relationship would have been inappropriate due to Pocahontas age. Not to mention a white man falling in love with a â€Å"savage† was highly unheard of in that time. So the John Smith and Pocahontas love story from the Disney movie is simply a work of fiction. But in 1613, Pocahontas was captured and held for ransom by the English. During her time with the English, one of her captures, John Rolfe, took a liking to her and issued her release on the condition she marry him. Whether she truly loved him is unknown. So Pocahontas, to create a truce among the colony and tribe, married John Rolfe and was baptized as Lady Rebecca. Rebecca and John moved back to England and had a child name Thomas. Throughout the Disney version, Po cahontas’ character is developed very quickly. The movie portrays Pocahontas as a very strong individual. She did  what she wanted and when she wanted, like leaving to see John Smith when her father had told her to stay away from the new people. Pocahontas was also portrayed as noble and very wise. She had brought peace to two feuding colonies, which is a big task for a teenager. Beyond that, Pocahontas was a very spiritual girl, she was very empathetic to animals and nature, as well as possible shamanic power. Pocahontas believed in spirits and prophecies, she also sang a song to John Smith saying how everything was important and should be valued, like the bear. Also she could talk to Grandmother Willow, who was a tree, lending itself to shamanic power. And John Smith also listened to her, which shows Pocahontas as a highly respected woman. Pocahontas Was very highly regarded, people listened to her, like her father the chief. But as well as being a strong woman, she was also a beautiful young girl, which people, her people an d the English, notices and appreciated. In the movie, Pocahontas is seen as a very strong individual, but in the real story was not as brave or noble. Pocahontas’ true name was Matoaka, which means â€Å"naughty one† or â€Å"spoiled one†. Like in the movie, she was a part of the Powhatan tribe and was the Chief’s daughter. What the movie didn’t mention was she had several siblings and her mother was a Chief’s wife. Someone who gave the Chief a child and then remarried with little contact to their child and then remarried with little contact to their child. But the biggest difference is that in the real story Pocahontas/Matoaka was not the â€Å"main character†. Pocahontas had small influence on the story and was merely the Chief’s favourite daughter. Pocahontas only became a part of the â€Å"story† when she was captured by the English. She never actually helped in the battles between the English and her tribe. Disney’s version of Pocahontas has gotten about three hours to be told between the first and second movie. The first movie ended by Pocahontas bringing peace to the colony and her tribe. She did that by saving John Smith’s life and making a huge speech about equality. The tribe agrees and so do most of the Englishmen. But Governor Ratcliffe tried to shoot Pocahontas, but instead hit John. It ends by John being brought back to England wounded, and asking for Pocahontas to come back with him. She says no and watches his boat sail off. And in the second movie it ends by John Smith asking her to leave England and sail â€Å"the open seas†. Again Pocahontas says no because she would rather go home. When she boards the boat she  notices that John Rolfe was on board. During Pocahontas’ adventure in England she realized she loved John Rolfe. So the two happily sailed off to Jamestown Virginia, roll credits. The actual ending for Pocahontas’ story took a much darker turn than Disney. Like in the movie she does â€Å"end up† with John Rolfe. But as stated earlier, Pocahontas was captured by the English and held for ransom. During the time spent as a captive she was taught English and baptized as Lady Rebecca. She married John Rolfe and they moved back to England. Pocahontas became a celebrity as the â€Å"civilized savage†. Pocahontas and John had a child and named him Thomas. Then in 1617, right before setting sail to Jamestown, Pocahontas died at the age of 21. The Disney version’s ending was much more â€Å"happily ever after† but the real version ended as every bodies story ends. The Disney version of Pocahontas has many differences from the real story and is highly inappropriate because it turns a tragic story into not one, but two cartoon movies, for children. The many differences include romance, the character personality of Pocahontas, and the ending of the story. Overall, the real story is much darker than the Disney version.

Current Ethical Issues Paper

Current Ethical Issues Paper Heidi L. Hinckley XMGT/216 December 16, 2012 Dan Mitchell In creating this paper I have decided to use the Kudler Fine Foods organization, due to the fact that I enjoy trying new flavors from around the world. Kudler Find Foods is â€Å"a local upscale specialty food store† (Kudler website) located in California. Kudler Fine Foods currently has three locations in the state of California. There focus is to bring the finest foods and finest team members they can to their potential customers.They offer a wine steward at each location, as well as monthly classes for customers to lean about various wines in the store. Kudler Fine Foods wants to promote the best in food and service. The Kudler Fine Foods organization first opened their doors on June 18, 1998. The owner and creator, Kathy Kudler, decided to take her passion for gourmet cooking and turn it into a business that she could be successful at as well as enjoy doing. That success has been proven in the opening of two additional stores one in 2000 and another in 2003.Kudler Fine Foods offers a variety of ingredients, fresh baked goods, meats, local seafood, cheeses and wines. Kudler Fine Foods is a one stop shop for any gourmet cook or even want to be gourmet cook in the family. One large ethical issue is the lack of leadership on the part of the owner Kathy Kudler. She lacks interaction with her customers as well, spending most of her time doing all of the ordering for all three of her stores. This can create large ethical issues in that she is not in touch with what her customers really want.There is also the ethical issue of using family to when referring to legal issues. First is the issue of nepotism and secondly there is the advice to always settle on customer accidents. This action makes the business appear as if they are always at fault and not taking the customers safety into consideration. Another issue that jumped right out is in the wording of certain areas of he r website. If she truly wants to bring the best to everyone, then she needs to remove statements from her website that list herself as upscale.I understand that she is trying to create an atmosphere, but in that statement it would seem that she only want to work with certain kinds of customers. This could lead some consumers to think that they are not welcome in her stores. .Kathy Kudler has a moral and ethical obligation as a business owner to promote an atmosphere that is open and welcoming to all. There is also the questionable promotion on Kudler Fine Foods website on how they only hire the best employees.Although I personally understand the statement, it can be considered unethical in the terminology. There is an insinuation that in that way that terminology is presented. There should be a change there in that all Kudler Fine Foods employees are trained to assist customers with any questions they may have on the products that are available in the store. There is also an ethical issue in the description of the stores themselves. The website promotes the locations as â€Å"8,000 square feet of retail space in a fashionable shopping center† (Kudler Fine Foods).Again the terminology in that statement may be perceived as condescending as if certain individuals would not be welcomed within the locations. With a store like this it is important that if you are promoting the flavors of the world they you would also represent the people of those regions. A diverse workforce that is familiar with these ingredients and foods would also show that the owner take a strong diverse attitude with her business. This would also bring a welcoming atmosphere to all in the neighborhoods around these store locations.If Kathy Kudler makes that type of promotion that her store is diverse and open then her stores will be considered a gem in their neighborhoods and she will continue see more growth, and it may even be faster than she planned. Offering top services to her cust omers, by offering the best training and information for her employees, will help to lead to a business that Kathy Kudler can not only be successful at but that she can also enjoy doing. Reference: https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/index. html https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/Kudler2/internet/index. asp