The Ring of Gyges Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Ring of Gyges - Assignment Example His argument presents a counter-attack to Glaucon’s philosophy purporting that if two identical rings are presented to a just and unjust man, they would both act unjustly. Therefore, proceeds to argue that those who incline their actions to just only do so under compulsion. He also says that one may decline using the ring to perform misdeeds. Meaning that although such a person would receive praises on her face but on the other side she would be regarded a great fool who is unable to utilize the power in her possession. Socrates states that one does not derive justice from the social construct. That’s why his argument tallies that the man who abused the power contained in the ring enslaved himself to his selfish appetites. But hold that the man who chooses not to use the ring remains rationally in total control of himself and thus he is very happy. Therefore, Socrates suggests that the man who uses the ring is always in a constant war with himself ( Copp, 2007).   Socrates is in a strong belief that the soul consists of three parts. These parts include; rational, appetitive and Spirited. He continues to argue that an appetite for something exists like hunger and thirst. He says that we always have some knowledge concerning the demands that are driving us to satisfy the appetite. Therefore, he poses to think, supposing something holds the thirsty person from drinking, what could it be termed to be? This analogy is used to describe the three parts of the soul. The rational part is that which is concerned with the calculation thus goes ahead to examine the existing appetites in relation to the expected consequences. He suggests that the part linked to hunger, lusts, thirsts and which is tickled by all forms of appetites is the irrational appetitive part.

M4A2-Theory and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

M4A2-Theory and Development - Essay Example A particular cultural practice determines the kind of commodities consumed (Diller, 2011, p. 167). A firm must, therefore, undertake investigation to ensure segmentation is done to fit a particular niche based on a people’s culture. In so doing, a firm benefits as products will sell making it possible to expand production capacity with less inventory accumulation. A firm motivates by incorporating every group in its work force ranging from migrants, underrepresented to disables who are further rewarded based on performance at different levels and not fixed at a 100% performance evaluation (Bullen, LeFave, Selig, & Chittenden, 2010, p. 134). Employee’s promotions should also be fair based on inclusiveness as talents are not attached to disability as well as minority and hence top management should comprise all groups. A firm further ensures teamwork by including every lot in decision making process based on the principle of triangulation as ideas generated from different employees debated and harmonized to yield increased productivity and its associated sales (Hoffmann, 2007, p. 125). A motivated employee via being incorporated in decision making feels part of success and will further put all his effort to achieve given set goals. Cultural diversity has become an inevitable area for keenness for any success oriented firm. Many consumers show variations in terms of products needs deeply rooted in traditional cultures and traditions (Yajima, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry & Socio-economic Research Center, 2006, p. 124). Cross-cultural motivations of both employees and the consumers through promotions, inclusion in decision making process, top management as well as issuance of gifts to loyal customers has become a feature employed by multivendor Inc. to attract brightest talents in its labor force as well retention of customers who further

Factors That Underpin The Hr Planning

Factors That Underpin The Hr Planning Human resource planning is a very important task for any organization. This planning plays a vital role in managing the employees of the organization. This plan helps to meet the required human resources of any organization. Actually it helps to identify what type of employees, how many employees will be required in the organization. It also provides information about the sources of required human resource need of the organization. These are some business factors that underpin human resource planning in a organization. Some important factors are explained below. Nature of business Size of the business Type of business Management policy Resource of the business Organization culture Location of the business Business environment Human Resource Requirements in given situation Human Resource (HR) is an important part for any organization. It is part and parcel for every organization. An organization cannot do anything without Human Resource. The success and failure of an organization mostly depends on the successfully implementation of the Human Resource policies and programs. The reason is that most of the organizational goal is achieved through it. If any organization is not so care about human resource department it must suffer in the long run. So before planning Human Resource (HR) requirements of any firm it must have to be given very much emphasis. Human Resource (HR) is must for every department of a firm. A firm usually has many departments. It is very much essential to manage Human Resource in every department. Without Human Resource (HR) it is probably impossible to manage day to day activities of the firm. It includes from the bottom level to the top level of the firm. Generally the bottom level HR implements the decision taken by the top level management. For example if we analyze HR requirements of a production oriented firm or manufacturing firm we will see that there needs a wide range of human resource. There must have some top level executives who formulate plan for production departments. There also have some middle level and lower level human resource who will implement the plan formulate by the top level executives. Development of HR plan for an organization: Once the analysis of the required personnel is complete, then the HR planning can begin. HR planning consists of four phases that are described below: Phase1. Formulation It is very important that the HR department of an organization should have direct relation with the rest of the department. Every organization has vision objectives. This vision statement indicates the overall image of the firms. For planning HR in an organization the first step is formulation of the policy about the HR needs of various departments. Phase2. Development It is the second phase of the HR planning in an organization in this step a SWOT analysis is conducted to identify the overall strength, weakness, opportunities and threats. This SWOT analysis provides important outlook about what action should need in future to cope with the changing environment by correctly planning the required human resource in the organization. The SWOT analysis provides answer about the following question; What about internal strengths? What about internal weaknesses? What is the opportunity? What are the external threats? The topics that are included in the SWOT Analysis might include personnel capabilities, benefit, employee services, information management systems, official facilities, and the reputation of human resources within the organization. Phase3 .Implementation It is short-term objectives which should be established In order to complete long-term strategies in the firm. Short-term objectives are the objectives that can be accomplished within six months to one year. This short term objectives should be fulfill by short term goal. On the other hand long term objectives should be fulfilling by long term goal. It should be remembered that no short term objectives is fulfill by long term goal and vice versa. Phase 4. Evaluation HR planning should be evaluated in regular basis. Human resource planning must reflect the target based on the measurable items. Once the human resource planning is done, it is essential to evaluate the success of that planning. If there is any mistake found, necessary steps should be taken in an urgent manner. There are two common ways in which we can measure the success of the plan: such as time and budget. How HRM contribute to meet objectives of organization: Human resource plan plays very vital role in meeting the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s objectives. Actually organization does mean employees of the organization rather than organization itself. Objectives of any organization are achieved by the employees of that organization. One organization can be differentiated from other organizations by the performances of employees of respective organization. Because we can see that different organizations perform differently and make different level of profit in the same industry only for human resource. Human resource plan has other plans to meet the objectives of the organization. Human resource plan has the following plans: Personnel planning indicate the process of deciding what positions the organizations will have to fill and how to fill them. Training and development plan is developed to make the employees of the organization skilled necessary to perform better and increase the efficiency level that ultimately contributes to meeting t he objectives. Compensation plan is another vital part of human resource plan. It is very important because the performance of the employees depends on the satisfaction level and employees are the ultimate performers. Strategic compensation plan helps to the organization to hire high quality employees and retain them. Labor relation plan is also required for some certain reasons. It is required to maintain good relation with labor union to meet any unexpected situation. Sometimes labors strike and this hampers the normal business operations of the organization. Sometimes it is required to reach an agreement wage, working hours etc. Security and safety plan provides the security of the jobs of employees, which ultimately makes the employees more satisfied. Satisfied employees perform better for the organization. Personnel forecast means estimating the required number of employees on the basis of production volume or expected revenues. Variation in forecasting is very costly for the o rganization. In fact Human resource planning creates value by engaging activities that produce the employee behaviors that company needs to achieve organizational goals and objectives. So all these plans under human resource planning help the organization to meet the objectives of the organization more efficiently. Impact of organizational structure and culture on management of HR Organizational structure and also organizational culture have certainly some impact on the management of human resource of the organization. Actually human resource management is the policy and practices involved in carrying out the human resource aspects of a management position including recruiting, training, appraising and compensating employees and also it is concerned about labor relations, health, safety and fairness. In fact, the size of the human resource department reflects the size of the organization. Large organization generally have large human resource department and small organizations have small human resource department with few employees. It is generally found that there is one Hr employee for every 100 employees. So organizational structure affects the management of human resource of an organization. Organizational culture also has some impact on the management of human resource of any business organization. If human resource department works as an independent body it can produce better benefit for the organization. If independence is the culture of an organization in case of decision making, it is helpful for the human resource department to make wise decision. So we can conclude that a fair practice in the organization makes the management of human resources more effective and fruitful for the organization. Monitoring the effectiveness of HRM The failure or success of an organization largely depends on the HRM policies. The higher authority of an organization make HR plan and programs. This plan is implemented by the HR manager and the working level management. The HR manger also make plan for the human resource. It includes conducting job analysis, planning labor needs and requirements of the job candidates, selecting job candidates, orienting and training new employees, managing wages and salaries, providing incentives and benefits, appraising performances, communicating( interviewing, counseling, disciplining) , training and developing manager and building employment commitment. All these plans are prepared and implemented by the HR specialists. After implementing this plan, the HR specialists monitor to see what it impact on the organizational performances. For example the HR specialist wants to know whether they hire the right people for the right position after analyzing the performances of the employees. If the per formances are not satisfactory, HR specialist or manager arrange raining programs to teach the employees, so that they can perform better. If after all these efforts, performances are not satisfactory the HR manager can fire the employees from the organization. They also manage various incentives to the employees to get better service by satisfying them. After all the HR specialists always monitor the task performed by the employees and measure the effectiveness of the HRM policies prepared by them. Recommendations: it is clear to us that without planning and implementing a right HR policy in an organization, it is not possible to achieve the target. If the HR policy is not properly installed, the overall efforts will fail in vain. So it should be given the top most priority. We have some recommendation regarding HRM policies for any kind of organization which want to achieve success through imparting it. Some recommendations are as follows: Making clear plan on HRM Hire the right people Use right selection tools Training employees based on need Not committing unfair labor practice Increasing employees loyalty through participation Conclusion: Human resource management is very essential and effective for maintaining an organization in a prudent manner. The most success of an organization depends on the appropriate HR policy. Human resource plan plays very vital role in meeting the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s objectives. So every organization gives more emphasis for selecting the right people for the right position. After all it is most useful for any firm to implement the HR policy in prudent manner. Both long and short term objectives should be meet through it in accordance with the required necessity.

Simplicity and Freedom in Walden by Henry David Thoreau Essay -- Walde

In chapter two of Henry David Thoreau's Walden, entitled "Where I Lived, and What I Lived for", there are two themes that run throughout the narrative. The key theme that emerges continually is that of simplicity with the additional theme being that of freedom. Thoreau finds himself surrounded by a world that has no true freedom or simplified ways, with people committed to the world that surrounds them rather than being committed to their own true self within nature. Simplicity is defined in the Merriam-Webster online dictionary as a simple state or quality; freedom from complexity; absence of elegance and luxury; uncomplicated. In the world today, many people think that an iphone or computer watch may make their world simple, but these technologies only make the world we live in more complex. Somehow there is confusion between simple and easy. It is most certainly easier to phone someone from your car rather than pulling over to a pay phone and getting out a quarter. It is also easier to put a letter in the fax machine rather than addressing an envelope and putting a stamp on it and walking it to the mailbox. These two instances that have been described are, in fact, easier, but not simpler. Simple is not having to figure out how to use the cell phone or fax machine and, at the same time, having these two items cluttering our space. Fewer people communicate through cards and letters now because we have e-mail and fewer people go to the li brary because we have the Internet. These are great items and they may make life easier, but not simpler. Thoreau craves the unsophisticated way of life. He agrees that too much stuff does not make life simpler, but more congested. The nation itself, with all its so-calle... ...farm, mowing the grass, feeding the animals, and harvesting the garden. The only real value of the farm, the close contact with nature, can be had for no cost. Thoreau found more freedom in his small hut by the pond where he was truly free from the trivial life of living in a village. He was free from the commercial rat race and was able to let himself be roused by nature. If Thoreau were still alive today, he would probably be astounded at how committed we are to so many things. The world that surrounds us has developed into a hurry up and wait situation. We are constantly in a hurry. We live in a world with drive through windows and breakfast bars. If we continue to hurry through life trying to get everything done so quickly, when do we really enjoy our life and our freedom? As Thoreau states, "Why should we live with such hurry and waste of life?" (6).

Ethics in health services and policy a global approach Essay

Ethical dilemma Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ethics is the study of sensible thinking. Nurses face moral dilemmas on their daily practices. Ethical activities depend on several factors. What one person consider as moral may be different from another person’s approach of the circumstances? Nurses encounter ethical dilemma regardless of where they function in wide-ranging tasks. These principled decisions can have a collision to the nurses as well as their patients. In general, there is no apposite decision to a moral dilemma. An ethical dilemma can be defined as a quandary without satisfying solution. The significance of moral decision making depend on the perception that regardless of numerous ethical alternatives made pertaining to a given ethical dilemma, the resultant choice can pose to neither right nor wrong judgment. Ethics involve doing right and causing no impairment. However, definition of principles varies from one nurse to the other. Ethical guideline classes provid e the nurse with suitable tools to base moral decisions upon. Though, these principles are habitually shaped by the beliefs, values and knowledge of the nurse. Accordingly, various choices may be raised concerning the identical impasse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are assorted ethical distresses that nurses can come across in the place of work. They include: freedom versus control, quality versus quantity of life, truth telling versus deception, pro-choice versus pro-life, empirical knowledge versus personal beliefs, and distribution of resources. Quantity might focus on an individual life span whereas quantity focuses on the number of citizens who will be influenced by the judgment. Quality address the goodness of life of a person, but it varies depending on how a person defines â€Å"good†. For example; the nurse’s position in supporting the patient deciding among a therapy that will lengthen life, but comprehending the quality of life. The patient’s life may be extended, but will experience major unattractive effects from the therapy. Nurses are called upon to use moral perceptions in delivering patient care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ethical perceptions include provision of accurate, good and coherent care. Patients necessitate to be offered prospects to put across their autonomy of preference in determining how they desire to be attended and in acquiring services. Ethical nurses identify that they are obliged to offer individualized care which will help the patient to realize their highest welfare. Ethical nursing care is based on lucid decision making and science. There are four fundamental concepts which are significant to a proficient nursing practice. They include: respect for patient self-rule, the task to operate with generosity, no mischief and justice. Nurses present respect to the patient self-rule by enhancing and recognizing a patient’s freedom of preference, respect their opinions, and providing privacy. The National League for Nursing issued a statement which highlights patient rights. Nurses are expected to encourage the rights of patients and adv ocate for patient’s who are unaware of their rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nurses exhibit generosity by helping patients to attain their highest welfare. This can be attained by developing health care policies that affect large population or provision of direct care to individual patients. Nurses are not allowed to cause any damage to their patients. This is the principal of non-mischief. Nurses often do have to perform operations which make the patients uncomfortable. For example, when a nurse is administering an injection to the patient. Patients need medication to relief the sicknesses, though, in the process of relieving the symptom, the nurse might cause distress. Non-mischief must be balanced by kindness, while providing patient care. The intention of the nurse provides a treatment whose gain must outweigh the discomfort caused. The nurse aim must be to assist rather than causing impairment. Equality and justice in nursing care is usually linked to the delivery of services. The current health care restructu ring strategy is an end result of people acknowledging that the present health care structure requires streamlining. Controversy arises over what is practical, fair, and efficiently realistic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nurses are involved at every phase of current health care classification, assisting with policy development and decision making. Professionals propose that nursing concept of ethical care is outstanding case and needs staid implementation throughout the nursing practice. It is related to medical replica of ethics since it deals with life and death matters. The nursing model is one of the personal patient empowerment. Ethical nurses control health care reform plan which put emphasis on healing even in situations where curing is impossible. It position quality of life at the front line. Ethical dilemmas which the nurses face everyday are diverse. They include assorted topics such as end of life care and staffing ratios.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nurses might face ethical dilemma as they attend patients with disabilities which might position them at peril for self-harm. For instance, an aged patient might be eager to stroll without directive. The nurse desires to endorse patient sovereignty, though the possibility of patient harm because of falling may be large. The dilemma is how to balance the contrasting situations. The nurse is in a dilemma to choose which one is more significant between security and independence. Each family, patient and health care staff faces these challenges in daily basis. Momentous challenges may be experienced by nurses operating with parents who have infants with mental or physical disabilities. The nurse is left to decide whether it is moral to subject the infant to an inexperienced process which will impose pain if it provides them with distinct chance of survival. The nurses have to decide whether it is ethical to prolong life while the quality of li fe is being comprehended.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recent research findings reveal that, nurses as caregivers central to health care, face a growing rate of ethical dilemma. The know-how is helping patients to endure serious sicknesses. However, recent studies disclose that people are surviving, but they are not living decent lives. Nurses have a task of executing clinical and educational operations which deal with the subject that professional care provides. The other dilemma is that there are insufficient health care resources across the world. The resources are also not equally scattered. The nurses are left to ensure that there is equitable distribution of health care resources. Patients from various cultures and personal experiences may present with different opinions of what is moral. The nurse can serve as resource to make sure that every individual feels that their opinions were considered. They have to decide who should get the scarce resources? For instance, nurses working with p atients living in vegetative state; nurses decide whether these patients should be left on life maintenance? The outlay of sustaining these patients is high. The patients might be consuming possessions that could be utilized by patients whom such expensive interventions, if reachable, could set aside their lives. The dilemma is determining the position of the nurse when a family wishes to go on with life hold up for a medically ineffective patient.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, ethical principles are very noteworthy in the nursing practices since they direct the nurses to make their every day decisions. The nurses, however, face ethical dilemma since they are not able to settle to a superior decision. Nursing is a profession that requires a lot of decision making since they are working to save patient lives, though they are required to make decisions depending on the code of ethics. References Blasi, A. E. (2012). An Ethical Dilemma. Journal of Legal Medicine, 33(1), 115-128. Burkhardt, M. A., & Nathaniel, A. K. (2008). Ethics & issues in contemporary nursing (3rd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning. Butts, J. B., & Rich, K. (2008). Nursing ethics: across the curriculum and into practice (2nd ed.). Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Garber, P. R. (2008). The ethical dilemma. Amherst, Mass.: HRD Press. Garber, P. R. (2008). The ethical dilemma. Amherst, Mass.: HRD Press. Harris, D. M. (2011). Ethics in health services and policy a global approach. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Harris, D. M. (2011). Ethics in health services and policy a global approach. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Hendrick, J. (2000). Law and ethics in nursing and health care. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes. Hoffman, J. (2003). A Knotty Ethical Dilemma. Emergency Medicine News, 25(1), 36. Johnstone, M. (2007). Clinical risk management and the ethics of open disclosure when things go wrong: Implications for the nursing profession. Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal, 10(4), 215-216. Liaschenko, J., & Peter, E. (2004). Nursing ethics and conceptualizations of nursing: profession, practice and work. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 46(5), 488-495. Retrieved February 8, 2009, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03011.x Linzer, N. (2003). An Ethical Dilemma in Volunteer Professional Relationships. Social Thought, 22(4), 37-51. Lowe, M. (2000). Ethical dilemma. A question of competence. Age and Ageing, 29(2), 179-182. Martin, C. W., Vaught, W., & Solomon, R. C. (2010). Ethics across the professions: a reader for professional ethics. New York: Oxford University Press. Mcmahon, R. L. (2003). An ethical dilemma in a hospice setting. Palliative & Supportive Care, 1(01), 35. Miller, S., & Selgelid, M. J. (2008). Ethical and philosophical consideration of the dual-use dilemma in the biological sciences. New York: Springer. Monga, M. (2007). An Ethical Dilemma. Monash Business Review, 3(3), 34-35. Pattison, S. (2010). Emerging values in health care the challenge for professionals. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Spector, T. (2001). The ethical architect: the dilemma of contemporary practice. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. Spector, T. (2001). The ethical architect: the dilemma of contemporary practice. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. Tschudin, V. (2003). Approaches to ethics: nursing beyond boundaries. Edinburgh: Butterworth-Heinemann. Tschudin, V., & Davis, A. J. (2008). The globalisation of nursing. Oxford: Radcliffe Pub.. APA formatting by BibMe.org. Source document

Modern audience Essay

In Romeo and Juliet, the play is set in the 1590’s, which is a very different way of life than today. So to make the play appeal to an audience of today it needs to be altered a little. I would set it in England. In the bustling city of Newcastle outside of St James’s Park (Newcastle United’s Football Ground). The trouble will occur between two groups of rival football supporters, which are Newcastle (Montague) and Liverpool (Capulet). Two supporters of Liverpool will play the roles of Sampson and Gregory. They will be sitting down outside the stadium waiting for the match to start with a bottle of vodka in a brown paper bag. One will be wearing a black Liverpool coat and blue jeans and the other will wear a Liverpool t-shirt and black jeans. They joke together and boast that they are superior to the Newcastle supporters â€Å"Me they shall feel while I am able to stand, and ’tis known I am a pretty piece of flesh.† Then they are faced with two Newcastle supporters (the serving men). They will both be wearing Newcastle shirts and jeans. Sampson and Gregory hesitate whether to cause a bit of trouble or to leave them alone. They decide to annoy the Newcastle supporters, this is to provoke them so they throw the first punch. The Liverpool supporters do this by making gestures indirectly at them. In Elizabethan times biting your own thumb at people was a rude gesture, and this is what Sampson and Gregory do in the play. But this gesture is not so common at all today, so to modernise it, the gesture will be spitting in front of the Newcastle supporters as they walk past. Then the Newcastle supporters ask the two if they spat at them â€Å"Do you bite your thumb at us, sir?† and the Liverpool supporter says no he didn’t do it towards him on purpose. Then enters Benvolio who will be wearing a Newcastle shirt as well, he is a friend of the manager of Newcastle who looks after the stadium. Instead of fighting with swords they will use their fists. Tybalt enters and will be on Liverpool’s side and he quarrels with Benvolio† Turn thee, Benvolio, look upon thy death,† Then they fight. Several supporters join in from round the corner. Then come the police to stop what is now fast becoming a riot. The Liverpool footballers arrive on their bus oblivious to the riot, the manager of the football team (Capulet) is pulled off the bus and is forced to fight his way out. Then arrives the other manager (Montague) on a bus also. The highest rank of the stadium security (Prince Escales) leads the rest of the guards to stop this riot. After the fight has calmed down everyone has been arrested or taken to hospital except Benvolio, Montague and then enters his wife who was supposed to enter at the same time as Montague but in modern days a women would not involve herself in a fight. Montague then worries about his son Romeo he thinks he might have been involved in the brawl â€Å"O where is Romeo? Saw you him today?† Then enters Romeo and it seems he was not in the riot as he is wearing his Newcastle t-shirt and his jeans which are clean and aren’t ripped or torn. Then Benvolio and Romeo talk together about Romeo’s troubles. Which leads into the next scene.

Concept of Blame and Responsibility

Concept of Blame and Responsibility Crises occur due to poor preparedness and control mechanisms. The drama of blaming and accountability begins whenever a crisis occurs. Somebody will have to receive the blame for allowing a disaster or crisis to happen. The public will blame another person(s) for failing to manage the crisis. Such individuals will blame their partners for the crisis. Many leaders and governments are the leading targets for these blame games.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Concept of Blame and Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This analysis presents the concept of blame. Leaders must also negotiate the existing disagreement after a disaster. They should do so by restoring the faith of every stakeholder. Leaders must support the existing political and institutional structures. This situation forces leaders to navigate a responsibility-accepting position that will promote policy-oriented learning. Some leaders will navigate a responsibility-denying stance in order to deflect the blame1. The concept of blame and responsibility explains how leaders negotiate and address different crises. Some factors will definitely influence the way human beings allocate blame. The first factor is the extent to which individuals attribute blame for mismanagement or malpractice. The leadership styles embraced by those in power will determine how the public allocates the blame2. The manner in which such leaders respond to problems also influence the way people allocate the blame. The continued use of ineffective management strategies will also increase the level of blame. Leaders should use appropriate strategies in order to overcome every attribution error. The first strategy is forging the most appropriate pathway. Managers can cooperate with the public depending on the nature of the blame. Politicians can also acknowledge responsibility in order to get the public’s approval. Individuals can also re sign in order to secure the confidence of the people. Public reactions should also be credible, acceptable, and adequate3. Policymakers can use new investigations in order to understand the targeted issue much better. A stronger justification of the crisis will overcome different attribution errors. The leadership strategy of a person will determine the success of every crisis management practice.Advertising Looking for critical writing on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bibliography Boin, Arjen, and Paul’t Hart. â€Å"Public Leadership in Times of Crisis: Mission Impossible.† Public Administration Review 63, no, 5 (2003): 544-553. Boin, Arjen, Paul’t Hart, Allan McConnel, and Thomas Preston. â€Å"Leadership Style, Crisis Response and Blame Management: The Case of Hurricane Katrina.† Public Administration 88, no. 3 (2010): 706-723. Hart, Paul’t, Liesbet Heyse , and Arjen Boin. â€Å"Guest Editorial Introduction New Trends in Crisis Management Practice and Crisis Management Research: Setting the Agenda.† Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 9, no. 4 (2001): 181-188. Footnotes 1 Arjen Boin and Paul’t Hart, â€Å"Public Leadership in Times of Crisis: Mission Impossible,† Public Administration Review 63, no, 5 (2003): 545. 2 Paul’t Hart, Liesbet Heyse, and Arjen Boin, â€Å"Guest Editorial Introduction New Trends in Crisis Management Practice and Crisis Management Research: Setting the Agenda,† Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 9, no. 4 (2001): 184. 3 Arjen Boin et al., â€Å"Leadership Style, Crisis Response and Blame Management: The Case of Hurricane Katrina,† Public Administration 88, no. 3 (2010): 706-723.

Looking At The Role Of A Youth Worker Social Work Essay Essay Example

Looking At The Role Of A Youth Worker Social Work Essay Essay Example Looking At The Role Of A Youth Worker Social Work Essay Essay Looking At The Role Of A Youth Worker Social Work Essay Essay This assignment will try to look at the function of a young person worker and place what is meant by the term young person, and how youth work has changed over the old ages. Followed by a expression at how the bringing of services to immature people has changed, in response to the turning influence of engineering and communicating between grownups and immature people. Furthermore, it will look at the historical alterations of young person civilization, the significance and effects of moral terrors . This assignment will reason by looking at the different methods and functions of a young person worker and the current services available to immature people today. What does one we mean when one says young person, how does one indentify young person ; these are many inquiries one must inquire themselves when speaking about a peculiar group of people. It is of import to understand that when 1 is placing a group of people the label is appropriate and positive, instead than a term that is used to place negative images of that group of people. The term young person has many negative intensions attached with it and is really much used by the media to depict young persons as boisterous and out of control . This so reinforces people s stereotyped position of immature people and widens the spread between grownups and immature people. Griffin ( 1993 ) cited in Young ( 1999, p.22 ) describes youth in two ways, either in footings of youth as problem and hence in demand of control, or youth in problem hence in demand of protection. Although both the footings young people and youths are the same the former has no negative images attached to it, instead the antonym, it shows immature people as being talented, hardworking, skilled people and portion of society. Furthermore, the negatives of youth imply immature people as out of control, lazy, dirty, violent and most likely to perpetrate offense, about a threat of society. Oxford lexicon ( 2005 ) defines youth as: a period between childhood and maturity . The term young person worker is hard to trap down and give one definition as it has many different significances. This can be for illustration, working with a group of people in young person Centre, run intoing immature people in their ain environment, one to one work or moving as an consultative figure for the immature individual. To truly place what a young person worker is, it is of import to cognize how youth work has emerged and reinvented itself to maintain up with its altering client group. Hall ( 1965 ) cited in Jeffs and Smiths ( 1988 ) defines youth work as proviso of chances for informal instruction, societal intercourse and the originative usage of leisure through rank of a group It is of import to look at how youth civilization has changed over the old ages and how these alterations have impacted on battle with immature people. Different groups emerging throughout the old ages, such as, Teddy Boys, Hells Angels, Skin Heads, Mods and Rockers, with these groups emerging there were assorted labels attached, fostering the spread between society and its immature people. The term moral terrors was established from the work of Stanley Cohen. He describes its features as a status, episode, individual or group of individual s who become defined as a menace to societal values and involvements , Cohen ( 1987, p.9 ) .He goes on and depict how the mass media can sell these issues as a national concern when in fact these affairs may be resolved within the local community. In the 1960 s the Mods and Rockers were viewed as a immense menace to jurisprudence and order by the general populace, but this image was created and perpetuated by the media, doing them look to be a fearful and violent group of people. The Albemarle Report in 1960, cited in article, Smith ( 1999, 2002 ) would be the key to developing and structuring the young person service, altering it everlastingly. The study went on to place clear aims and committedness to working with immature people, giving the young person service a model in which a service could be delivered. The study gave the purposes of what the young person service should be, including association, preparation and challenge. Following the Albermarle study, the purposes of the young person service nucleus aims should be developing, association and challenge.The study would alter the manner in which services for immature people would be delivered, and would now go portion of any other public service funded by the authorities. A immense sum of money was spent edifice young person Centres, nines, and the focal point and committedness was towards prosecuting with immature people. This was mostly a success up until 1970, after which the figure of immature people go toing young person Centres dropped well. There were many factors for this diminution ; one was the rapid alterations in the place life of immature people. With the addition of engineering, many immature people had entree to other agencies of enjoyment and amusement. Many places now had telecasting sets, picture participants and computing machine games, which meant they would stay in their places. Other factors for the lessening were parent s fright of immature people traveling out tardily in the eventide and immature people were now utilizing other agencies to socialize and run into people, such as educational scenes. The lessening of immature people go toing young person nines continued throughout the 1980s and 1990 s, but youth work was still high on the authorities docket. The status of edifices was declining and going less attractive to immature people. The authorities was loath to put farther funding reconstructing or constructing any farther young person Centres, particularly with the diminution in immature people accessing the services. This became a really cheerless clip for youth workers who were unable to prolong Numberss and were frequently left to cover will things entirely and without any support. The concluding displacement to seek and maintain the service from disintegrating, was made, when there was a move towards issue-based work and the importance of results. This was further enhanced with the development of accreditation and alternate instruction programmes. With the new alterations and outlooks the standards for funding changed concentrating on immature people at hazard of some sort, instead than a generic service for all immature people. Smith ( 1999,2002 ) The Labour authorities were to further this attack when they came into power in 1997, they went on to force the thought of presenting s service for immature people instead than looking at the young person service. This bought many alterations and we saw inventions such as Connections introduced in 2001, a pilot strategy which aimed to maintain immature people in instruction, preparation and employment. This bought farther alterations as new rubrics such as personal advisers emerged doing the function of a young person worker more varied. The focussed was to stay the same maintaining immature people in either instruction or for them to be moved towards vocational preparation and learners, integrating preparation and gaining together. The Connexions programme although apparently was seen as a success, the publication of The Green Paper in 2005, cited in Smith ( 2005 ) showed a turning sensing of the strategies failures, as immature people continued to hold the bing societal jobs which were neer addressed by the young person services. A survey carried out by The Joseph Rowntree showed that in 2006 there were 75,000 immature people, who were faced with homelessness, ( Youth Homelessness In UK.2008 ) furthermore, earlier surveies reported by the Rough Sleepers, produced by the Social Exclusion Unit, showed that in 1998, a one-fourth of street homeless were aged between 18 and 25. Rob ( 2007 ) . This once more shows that a young person worker will be faced by many challenges when working with immature people, including covering with immature people with drug, intoxicant and mental wellness issues. Historically many methods have been used to present services to immature people, including, detach work, outreach work, one to one or center based work. Detached work has been around for many old ages and has proved to be really effectual manner of prosecuting immature people in their ain environment. This work can be frequently confused with outreach work but is different as it is voluntary which give the immature individual entire control over how much or small they would wish to be involved, and is non attached to any Centre. Burgess, M and Burgess, I. ( 2006 ) describes the undermentioned as a definition of detach work. The nucleus values stated by the federation for degage young person work are as follows ; a relationship with immature people remains voluntary, the services should be tailored to the demand and the power must stay with the immature individual, instead than the worker. Workers will travel out to assorted topographic points in and around the local community seeking to prosecute immature people ; they will normally get down by traveling out in braces to guarantee the safety of the worker and immature people. Once a relationship has been established so really frequently one to one work will take topographic point, discoursing issues relevant to the immature individual and their local country. The worker will do studies after a certain period of clip of prosecuting with the immature individual. The study will assist the worker to place a model in which they can work with the immature individu al, puting out purposes and aims. Not all young person services use this method of working with immature people, nevertheless over the old ages it has proved to be a successful manner of identifying and deciding issues faced by immature people in their local country. Outreach services are an extension of an administration for illustration, a young person piquing squad, young person Centre and drugs undertakings. The aim of this work is to promote and prosecute with young persons that have disengaged with services or are at hazard of going debatable. This may be because of the country in which they are populating in has been identified as an country with a high degree of young person offense. Although this work is non service user led, it has many positive facets, frequently these immature people do non hold a platform in which their issues can be addressed, and an outreach service will assist with both, single jobs and jobs within the local community. However, it must be said, that the service is non ever voluntary engagement for the service users, hence may non ever be an effectual manner of battle. Other methods such as Centres based work, one to one and publish based working have both positive and negatives to them, but they do assist youth wo rkers make out to immature people. Cortazzi ( 1993 ) cited in Young ( 1999, p.6 ) states youth workers do non simply present young person work ; they define it, construe it and develop it . It is of import to admit that a young person worker s function is alone, ambitious and critical to immature people. Adolescence is a clip of immense alterations and passages and a young person worker s function is cardinal to this, non merely because their work is aged based, but because they will be portion of a immature individual s life at a point when a immature individual will be traveling through the passage from childhood into maturity and or from being dependent to going independent. Fergusson ( 2004 ) cited in Hayden ( 2007 ) describes his analyses of passages to adulthood for some immature people as being test and mistake. This shows that non all immature people have developed the accomplishments and resiliency techniques that are indispensable tools for a well balanced passage. It is good documented that immature people will expose some debatable behavior at some degrees, whilst traveling through their adolescent old ages but this will normally rectify itself. However, har monizing to Barlow ( 1999 ) cited in Hayden ( 2007 ) 30 to 40 per cent of anti-social behavior in immature people is due to hapless parenting and deficiency of household battle. Farrington ( 2002 ) cited in Hayden ( 2007 ) carried out a study of 400 London males from the age of 8, they were interviewed a figure of times until they reached maturity. The hazards identified by this survey showed that anti-social or debatable behavior amongst immature people was more relevant where there was poorness, household emphasis, hooky and community disorganization. Farrington ( 1996 ) cited in Hayden ( 2007 ) , argues that by supplying protective step such as, an affectionate relationship with a parent, construction and supervising, good degree of subject and holding an involvement in a kid s academic surveies, this can cut down any hazard of detachment or anti-social behavior. Therefore the function of a young person worker can non be defined to one country of work as function is varied and big ; youth workers will cover with immature people with a catalogue of issues, concerns and jobs. These can run from household dislocation, deficiency of trust, drug and intoxicant, mental wellness, offense, homelessness, deficiency of get bying schemes, immature individual in crisis, assurance, self esteem and deficiency of motive. A young person worker will have on many chapeaus whilst working with the immature individual, from being a friend, a parent figure, an adviser, an advocator and a individual who shows the immature individual they matter. These are some facets of the function of a young person worker, and some of the issues which are dealt with by young person workers, doing their function challenging, exciting, thwarting and really rewarding.

Dolphin Facts

Dolphin Facts Dolphins (Odontoceti) are a group of 44 species of toothed whales or cetaceans. There are dolphins in every ocean on Earth, and there are freshwater species of dolphins that inhabit rivers in South Asian and South American. The largest dolphin species (the orca) grows to more than 30 feet long while the smallest, Hectors dolphin, is just 4.5 feet in length. Dolphins are well known for their intellect, their gregarious nature, and their acrobatic abilities. But there are many lesser-known qualities that make a dolphin a dolphin. Fast Facts: Dolphins Scientific Name: Odontoceti  Common Name: Dolphin (Note: This name refers to the group of 44 species classified as Odontoceti; each has its own scientific and common name.)Basic Animal Group:  MammalSize: 5 feet long to over 30 feet long, depending on the speciesWeight: Up to 6 tonsLifespan: Up to 60 years depending on the speciesDiet:  CarnivoreHabitat:  All oceans and some riversPopulation:  Varies per speciesConservation  Status:  Bottlenose dolphins are considered to be of Least Concern, while about 10 species of dolphins are listed as Severely Threatened.   Description Dolphins are small-toothed Cetaceans, a group of marine mammals that evolved from land mammals. They have developed numerous adaptations that make them well suited for life in water including a streamlined body, flippers, blowholes and a layer of blubber for insulation. Dolphins have curved beaks which means they appear to have permanent smiles. Dolphins evolved from land mammals whose legs were underneath their bodies. As a result, dolphins tails move up and down as they swim, whereas a fish’s tail moves from side to side. Dolphins, like all toothed whales, lack olfactory lobes and nerves. Because dolphins do not possess these anatomical features, they most likely have a poorly developed sense of smell. The snout of some oceanic dolphins is long and slender due to their elongated, prominent jaw bones. Within the dolphins elongated jaw bone sits numerous conical teeth (some species have as many as 130 teeth in each jaw). Species that have prominent beaks include, for example, Common Dolphin, Bottlenose Dolphin, Atlantic Humpbacked Dolphin, Tucuxi, Long-Snouted Spinner Dolphin, and numerous others. The forelimbs of a dolphin are anatomically equivalent to the forelimbs of other mammals (for example, they are analogous to arms in humans). But the bones within the forelimbs of dolphins have been shortened and made more rigid by supporting connective tissue. Pectoral flippers enable dolphins to steer and modulate their speed. The dorsal fin of a dolphin (located on the back of the dolphin) acts as a keel when the animal swims, giving the animal directional control and stability within the water. But not all dolphins have a dorsal fin. For example, the Northern Rightwhale Dolphins and the Southern Rightwhale Dolphins lack dorsal fins. Dolphins do not have prominent external ear openings. Their ear openings are small slits (located behind their eyes) which do not connect to the middle ear. Instead, scientists suggest that sound is conducted to the inner and middle ear by fat-lobes located within the lower jaw and by various bones within the skull. Tunatura/Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Dolphins live in all of the world’s seas and oceans; many inhabit coastal areas or areas with shallower water. While most dolphins prefer warmer tropical or temperate waters one species, the orca (sometimes called killer whale) lives in both the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic Southern Ocean. Five dolphin species prefer fresh to salt water; these species inhabit rivers in South America and South Asia. Diet and Behavior Dolphins are carnivorous predators. They use their strong teeth to hold their prey, but then either swallow their prey whole tear it into small pieces. They are relatively light eaters; the bottlenose dolphin, for example, eats about 5 percent of its weight each day. Many species of dolphins migrate to find food. They consume a wide range of animals including fish, squid, crustaceans, shrimp, and octopus. The very large Orca dolphin may also eat marine mammals such as seals or marine birds such as penguins. Many dolphin species work as a group to herd or coral fish. They may also follow fishing vessels to enjoy the waste thrown overboard. Some species will also use their flukes to beat and stun their prey. Reproduction and Offspring Most dolphins become sexually mature at between 5 and 8 years old. Dolphins give birth to a single calf once every one to six years and then feed their babies milk through their nipples. Dolphin pregnancies range in length from 11 to 17 months. Location can make an impact on the gestation period. When a pregnant female is ready to deliver, she separates herself from the rest of the pod to a location near the waters surface. Dolphin calves are usually born tail first; at birth, calves are about 35–40 inches long and weigh between 23 and 65 pounds. The mother immediately brings her infant to the surface so it can breathe. Newborn calves look a bit different from their parents; they typically have dark skin with lighter bands which fade over time. Their fins are quite soft but harden very quickly. They can swim almost immediately, but do require the protection of the pod; in fact, young dolphins are typically nursed for the first two to three years of life and may stay with their mothers for up to eight years. Georgette Douwma/Getty Images   Species Dolphins are members of the order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti, Families Delphinidae, Iniidae, and Lipotidae. Within those families, there are 21 genera, 44 species, and several subspecies. The species of dolphins include: Genus: Delphinus Delphinus capensis (Long-beaked common dolphin)Delphinus delphis (Short-beaked common dolphin)Delphinus tropicalis. (Arabian common dolphin) Genus: Tursiops Tursiops truncatus (Common bottlenose dolphin)Tursiops aduncus (Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin)Tursiops australis (Burrunan dolphin) Genus: Lissodelphis Lisodelphis borealis (Northern right whale dolphin)Lssodelphis peronii (Southern right whale dolphin) Genus: Sotalia Sotalia fluviatilis (Tucuxi)Sotalia guianensis (Guiana dolphin) Genus: Sousa Sousa chinensis (Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin)Subspecies:Sousa chinensis chinensis (Chinese white dolphin)Sousa chinensis plumbea (Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin)Sousa teuszii (Atlantic Humpback Dolphin)Sousa plumbea (Indian Humpback dolphin) Genus: Stenella Stenella frontalis (Atlantic spotted dolphin)Stenella clymene (Clymene dolphin)Stenella attenuata (Pantropical spotted dolphin)Stenella longirostris (Spinner dolphin)Stenella coeruleoalba (Striped dolphin) Genus: Steno Steno bredanensis (Rough-toothed dolphin) Genus: Cephalorhynchus Cephalorhynchus eutropia (Chilean dolphin)Cephalorhynchus commersonii (Commerson’s dolphin)Cephalorhynchus heavisidii (Heaviside’s Dolphin)Cephalorhynchus hectori (Hector’s dolphin) Genus: Grampus Grampus griseus (Risso’s dolphin) Genus: Lagenodelphis Lagenodelphis hosei (Fraser’s dolphin) Genus: Lagenorhynchus Lagenorhynchus acutus (Atlantic white-sided dolphin)Lagenorhynchus obscurus (Dusky dolphin)Lagenorhynchus cruciger (Hourglass dolphin)Lagenorhynchus obliquidens (Pacific white-sided dolphin)Lagenorhynchus australis (Peale’s dolphin)Lagenorhynchus albirostris (White-beaked dolphin) Genus: Peponocephala Peponocephala electra (Melon-headed whale) Genus: Orcaella Orcaella heinsohni (Australian snubfin dolphin)Orcaella brevirostris (Irrawaddy dolphin) Genus: Orcinus Orcinus orca (Orca- Killer Whale) Genus: Feresa Feresa attenuata (Pygmy killer whale) Genus: Pseudorca Pseudorca crassidens (False Killer whale) Genus: Globicephala Globicephala melas (Long-finned pilot whale)Globicephala macrorhynchus (Short-finned pilot whale) Superfamily: Platanistoidea Genus Inia, Family: Iniidae Inia geoffrensis. (Amazon river dolphin).Inia araguaiaensis (Araguaian river dolphin). Genus Lipotes, Family: Lipotidae Lipotes vexillifer (Baiji) Genus Pontoporia, Family: Pontoporiidae Pontoporia blainvillei (La Plata dolphin) Genus Platanista, family: Platanistidae Platanista gangetica (South Asian river dolphin)Subspecies:Platanista gangetica gangetica (Ganges river dolphin)Platanista gangetica minor (Indus river dolphin) Conservation Status The Baiji has suffered dramatic population declines over recent decades due to pollution and heavy industrial use of the Yangtze River. In 2006, a scientific expedition set out to locate any remaining Baiji but failed to find a single individual in the Yangtze. The species was declared functionally extinct. Dolphins and Humans Humans have long been fascinated with dolphins, but the relationship between humans and dolphins has been complex. Dolphins are the subject of stories, myths, and legends as well as great works of art. Because of their great intelligence, dolphins have been used for military exercises and therapeutic support. They are also often kept in captivity and trained to perform; in most cases, this practice is now considered to be cruel. Sources Dolphin Facts and Information, www.dolphins-world.com/.â€Å"Dolphins.†Ã‚  Dolphin Facts, 4 Apr. 2019, www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/group/dolphins/.NOAA. Dolphins Porpoises.†Ã‚  NOAA Fisheries, www.fisheries.noaa.gov/dolphins-porpoises.

Evolution of Building Forms and Construction Essay

Evolution of Building Forms and Construction - Essay Example Thus, the evolution determines whether it is feasible to introduce the underlying element of building materials into the prevailing architectural appraisal. Professional engineers have an enormous role in the process of designing buildings, and this has led to a great revolution in the last 100 years or so. Development of technology and science has resulted in the rise in usage of more advanced materials, innovative processes and the technical designs that were unknown in the 1900. Due to the improved technology, specialization has taken place, and the engineers can take full advantage of it. The architects or the contractors nowadays find civil engineers present in any construction sites as opposed in the past where their functions would have been performed. Engineering for building has evolved to become a more complex, reliable and more specialized in the past three decades. Engineers still use the uttermost care in discharging their professionalism regardless of the improved machines and gadgets that have been availed to help them in saving time and the provision of more economical designs. Halls of residence in South Wales University are intentionally recognized as one of the best student’s residential buildings since it houses students from over 122 countries across the world. The building is beautiful and possesses famous facilities (Bisharat, 2004, pp. 156-189). The construction of the installation involved a lot of events. Large size tunnels were built for easy access to employees. Water supply lines were also connected with other sources that served the city of Wales. The project was estimated to have consumed a whole 2,308 of concrete foundation, 6000 barrels of cement was involved while the roof destroyed of about 2,000,000 shingles and three thousand window frames and doors were all used up. Wood was the principal construction material and was used in large quantities

Entry into Foreign Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Entry into Foreign Market - Essay Example ays emphasis on four important areas: a) The question of value: Whether the resource of the company is sufficient to exploit an environmental opportunity or be able to neutralize an environmental threat (Chapman, 2011). b) Question of Rarity: Are the resources of the company presently controlled by other small competing companies (Chapman, 2011). c) Question of Imitability: Do the companies face difficulties in cost advantage in developing or obtaining it (Chapman, 2011). d) Question of organization: Have the policies and procedures of the company organized systematically to support the exploitation of valuable, rare and expensive to imitate the resources (Management Mania, 2013). The evaluation of various resources of CIC would be as follows: Tangible Financial CIC is one of the most profitable drilling equipment manufacturers which have successfully completed various drilling projects for the renowned companies of varied nations. Physical CIC has made a strong presence with the man ufacturing of 80 brands in more than 300 locations around the world. Technological The company has installed state of the art machineries and control equipments meant for oil drilling, control instrumentation and various other process operations. Organizational The company has developed in built effective strategies meant for its various onshore activities in ultra deepwater discoveries (Cameron, 2013a). Intangible Resources Human Presently, CIC boasts of a diverse workforce with more than 27000 employees globally. Innovation & Creativity One of the major objectives of the company is to design leveraging tools which lessens the burden of extracting crude oil onshore and offshore. Reputation The company has been successful in drilling and compressing activities without hampering the... Presently, Myanmar is facing various kinds of social and economic tensions, which have hampered the national unity of the country. This has led to a major downfall in the economic development and decrease in various economic opportunities. 90 percent of the population follows Buddhism and the cultural and social values are based on Theravada Buddhism. Gender biasedness is also prevalent to a large extent in the Myanmar society (BEWG, 2011). The country has been facing severe challenges because initially, it was under the control of the military regime, which has compelled the people to adapt to a particular lifestyle. Firstly, the management of CIC should understand and analyze the cultural variations in Myanmar which will help the company in studying the attitude and behavior of the common people. Secondly, the company should adopt several techniques which will help in understanding marketing dynamics and also adjust to it accordingly. Modeling techniques like Delphi methods will he lp in assessing the market requirement and developing strategies accordingly. Finally, the company should adopt a clear communication model which would help the employees to understand the importance of work ties over cultural ties and also provide clear instruction process. After assessing the current scenario in Myanmar it is advisable for CIC to opt for subcontracting techniques (WiseGeek, 2011).The subcontracting technique is a type of job contract, which will help in outsourcing certain type of work to other companies (WiseGeek, 2011).

Lived experience interacting with organizations that highlights either Essay

Lived experience interacting with organizations that highlights either motivation or stress - Essay Example The impact of motivation manifests in the supermarket, which equally faces the challenge of ensuring that the employees are motivated to perform well. Motivation is not only a personal urge to perform but also a fundamental necessity for one’s success in life, and individuals must therefore know how to motivate themselves. This is so because the workplace has many challenges required to be overcome by individual employees, and hence the need for motivation. In light of this, the management of reference organizations bears the responsibility of knowing how to motivate the employees though the management unfortunately lacks control of the derived motivation. As a result, the employees have a duty to derive personal motivation and to control the motivation generated by the management with a view of boosting the overall performance of the organization. Motivation may refer to a psychological force that stimulates or reinforces action geared towards a specified direction for purpos es of attaining a certain goal. Motivation aims at controlling and ensuring persistence in all goal-directed behaviors. As seen above, motivation is an employee’s quest to satisfy or fulfill their personal need. Various theories seek to address motivation, but in this context, McClelland's Need Theory stands out. McClelland's Need Theory of motivation asserts that unsatisfied needs are the motivators of human actions. McClelland's Need Theory further acknowledges the different levels of needs that derive human motivation where individuals must satisfy specific lower needs before satisfying higher ones. Nevertheless, the theory notes that individuals must bear the will and get the opportunity to satisfy such needs for them to derive motivation. Employment in different organizations acts as a better opportunity and measure for motivation among individuals. Indeed, through my interactions with the employees and management at the supermarket, I got the opportunity to experience v arious needs and the resultant motivation among the employees. My experience allowed me to confirm the complexity of the motivation phenomenon and the needs of individuals, which form a good base to address motivation in an organization. Just as the needs theory highlights, only the unsatisfied needs influence behavior among employees working for different organizations. At the supermarket, I experienced individuals with different levels of motivation based on their unsatisfied needs and other factors. The low-paid employees and junior employees seemingly manifested very low levels of motivation probably because they had very many unsatisfied needs. An interview and consistent observation of the employees, during and after work, established that low pay and low job levels demotivate reference employees from performing better. On the other hand, the management, high-paid workers, and the senior employees of the supermarket had very high levels of motivation based on the comfort of th eir work status. The management, high-paid workers, and the senior employees kept urging, pressuring, and encouraging the seemingly poor motivated employees to perform better. It is arguably true that the need for higher pay, promotions, better working conditions, and recognition acted as a motivation for the employees to perform better at the supermarket. The need to be in control and influence other employees, search for a competitive position, and the need

Investigating a Case Study of a Literacy Learner Essay

Investigating a Case Study of a Literacy Learner - Essay Example Asked about her educational background, she gave confusing answers as to what level she finished school, because she mentioned something about earning a certificate to be a primary school teacher. She kept saying â€Å"grade 2 teacher†, and it was unclear if she meant she can only teach second grade or â€Å"grade 2† was a level of skill in Nigeria. Sarah understands that learning the English language well will open many doors for her. Being a second language, she admits difficulty in mastering it because back home, she uses her native language which is Yoruba. Her parents are illiterate people and she does not speak English to them. She adjusts her language to the people she relates to. If her friends understand English, then she speaks to them in English, but if not, then she resorts to her native language. She enrolled in the current class to further her skills in the English language. She knows that her vocabulary skills will improve with reading books and if there are words she does not understand, then she refers to a dictionary to check its meaning and how it should be pronounced. Her use of language can sometimes be unclear due to the run-on sentences she attempts to express. Her listener can get lost in comprehending what she means. Sometimes, she contradicts herself. She said â€Å"I don’t borrow any story book . I borrow my English, vocabulary yes†. It might be confusion on her part on the proper use of the English language, as she may be trying to translate what she wants to say from her native language. She admits, â€Å"I try for example I try to speak more than the way I am to have more knowledge in English to improve in order to further my education because for any step I want to take English is desiring me for that.†. Although to her listener, she may seem to say the say things in the same sentence, one needs to consider that it may be the way she emphasizes a point in her native Yoruba. To English speakers, it may sound too wordy and somehow nonsensical, but to Sarah it might make perfect sense. . Still, her interview provides much information on her yearning to improve herself, to reach her dream of becoming a nurse. It also reflects on how she treats people. From her explanation of her work experience, she enables people to be independent and not to be stagnant, and she would do anything to help them. She is indeed a lifelong learner and encourages others to be the same. Her overwhelming desire to optimize her potentials makes her move towards her goals, and she tries to overcome potential impediments such as work or busy schedules. The motivation to learn is affected by the reinforcements to learning namely intrinsic motivation or the inner drive to learn which leads to personal fulfillment; extrinsic motivation, which consists of rewards such as high grades or a prize for performing well; social reinforcement, an example of which is praise and approval from significant persons in an individual's life; and achievement, or the attaining of the learning goal. Having an interplay of the four kinds of reinforcement is the most effective way to motivate a learner to pursue more knowledge and acquire more skills (Stoll, L., Fink, D. & Earl, L., 2003). From the interview, Sarah’s main motivation is to be a nurse so she can continue enabling ot hers. Her journey to learning is more intrinsically motivated. Even how she assesses her improvement is intrinsic, as she said, â€Å"You know that when you love something you have to put all your effort because you are looking to achieve something on it, you have to put your effort how difficult it is you have to continue. When it’

Private Enterprise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Private Enterprise - Essay Example Many private enterprises partner with the Department of Homeland Security to make sure that mitigation of threats is achieved as well as to defend themselves against threats. The same department is responsible for minimizing risks like terrorism attacks. Department of Homeland Security maximizes the ability where they are able to strongly respond to terrorist who attack the states or local governments (Kamien, 2006). Additionally, the department is concerned with prevention of disasters that may occur. Through the effort that is provided by the Department of Homeland Security, strong foundations with other department that are concerned with security matters are able to protect communities in the entire United States. Additionally, terrorism and treats of all kinds are minimized for the purpose of safeguarding the key rights of all the United States residents. Since the private sector in the United States operates approximately 85% of Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources (CIKR), this makes the Department of Homeland Security to engage measures to safeguard the infrastructure and resources that are owned by private sector. In addition, the protection of critical infrastructure is the work of the government and other security agencies. This ensures that CIKR are safeguarded so that the public and private sector may partner together thus making the economy to be stable. When the partnership is effective, collaboration is achieved where the Office of Infrastructure Protection (IP) is concerned with all the critical infrastructure and key resources. The department of the Infrastructure Protection (IP) will have to play a role where effort to reduce the risk of destruction or threat to the sector is emphasized through Critical Infrastructure Protection Program since it is the country’s most productive sector (Bullock and Haddow, 201 2). To protect the private sector, government

Consider how a currency appreciation might affect national income Essay - 2

Consider how a currency appreciation might affect national income - Essay Example If an economy of a nation presents a favorable environment for investments that are relatively better than other nations, then the nation will experience inflow of capital. With flexible foreign exchange rates, this capital inflow will tend to increase the value of the country’s currency. Factors such as relative product prices, monetary policy, inflation rate differences and income changes influence the appreciation of a country’s currency (LIPSEY & CHRYSTAL, 2011 p 167). The effects of these factors are discussed below: Suppose that the income of major trading of a country increase to a greater margin, there will be greater increase in domestic income which is associated with increased consumption of the imported goods. The nation’s trading partner demand for the local goods will increase; thereby the demand for local currency will exceed quantity supplied hence appreciation. Deflation is always associated with appreciation. Suppose the price levels of a nation’s commodities decreases while that of its trading partner remains the relatively stable. The local goods will seem cheap to foreigners hence increasing the demand for local goods. This will increase the demand for money hence appreciation of the local currency. Countries that implement restrictive monetary policies will be decreasing the supply of their currency hence currency appreciation. The appreciation of a country’s currency is relative to the currencies of its trading partner. Higher rates of interest make it more attractive to save in a nation. This is because there is a better rate of return on saving accounts. Therefore there will be inflow of money in country hence appreciation of the currency. Stronger economic growth tends to cause an appreciation in the forex market. This is so due to the fact that with higher economic growth, there is likelihood that the nation might experience increase in interest rates (DAÃŒ ¨BROWSKI 2001, p 10).

Private Enterprise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Private Enterprise - Essay Example Many private enterprises partner with the Department of Homeland Security to make sure that mitigation of threats is achieved as well as to defend themselves against threats. The same department is responsible for minimizing risks like terrorism attacks. Department of Homeland Security maximizes the ability where they are able to strongly respond to terrorist who attack the states or local governments (Kamien, 2006). Additionally, the department is concerned with prevention of disasters that may occur. Through the effort that is provided by the Department of Homeland Security, strong foundations with other department that are concerned with security matters are able to protect communities in the entire United States. Additionally, terrorism and treats of all kinds are minimized for the purpose of safeguarding the key rights of all the United States residents. Since the private sector in the United States operates approximately 85% of Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources (CIKR), this makes the Department of Homeland Security to engage measures to safeguard the infrastructure and resources that are owned by private sector. In addition, the protection of critical infrastructure is the work of the government and other security agencies. This ensures that CIKR are safeguarded so that the public and private sector may partner together thus making the economy to be stable. When the partnership is effective, collaboration is achieved where the Office of Infrastructure Protection (IP) is concerned with all the critical infrastructure and key resources. The department of the Infrastructure Protection (IP) will have to play a role where effort to reduce the risk of destruction or threat to the sector is emphasized through Critical Infrastructure Protection Program since it is the country’s most productive sector (Bullock and Haddow, 201 2). To protect the private sector, government

Persuasive Essay Essay Example for Free

Persuasive Essay Essay At least 11% of women smoke during pregnancy. Many of these women smoke without knowing the significant negative effects smoking has on their babies before, during, and after the pregnancy. When a woman smokes during pregnancy, she exposes her baby to dangerous chemicals such as tar, carbon monoxide, nicotine, and other poisonous chemicals that travels through the bloodstream and goes directly to the baby. Nicotine restricts the oxygen through the blood vessels throughout the body, including those leading to the umbilical cord. There are more than 4,000 chemicals in cigarettes. Among these chemicals, there are life-threatening issues that can happen while smoking during a woman’s pregnancy and after the babies are born. Smoking while pregnant has many lasting effects on the mother as well as the child? On average, a smoker who smokes a pack a day will reduce about half a pound of baby weight. Stunning a baby’s growth while in the womb can have negative consequences that last a lifetime. With a baby being underweight at the time of birth could mean the baby’s lungs have not fully developed which would lead to their first few days or weeks of life on a respirator to help the baby breath. However, after the baby has the ability to breathe their still susceptible to asthma. The combined effect of premature delivery and low birth rate has shown ten percent of these babies suffer from Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome is when their lungs have not developed a normal surface tact coating and the air sacs collapse. One of the most serious effects and risks of smoking while pregnant is ectopic pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy is an abnormal pregnancy that occurs outside of the uterus. In all cases the baby will not live if this occurs there are not enough nutrients for a fetus to survive anywhere besides the womb. When the detection of an ectopic pregnancy is confirmed, it is treated through medication and surgery. In both cases it is termination of the baby to prevent possible death of both the baby and mother. Placental abruption is another occurrence that happens from smoking during pregnancy. It is the separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus. The baby is deprived of oxygen and nutrients when a placental abruption is detected. The mother can also experience life-threatening bleeding. A stillbirth is the death of a fetus that occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy. It is also an occurrence that can happen from smoking during pregnancy. Stillbirth can be very painful emotionally because the baby still has to be delivered. After the pregnancy is over, and the baby has been delivered, the smoking may have still caused damage to the baby. Smoking during a pregnancy can have an effect on the baby’s brain. Children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy are likely to have learning disorders, behavioral problems and relatively low IQ’s. Children of smokers also have less muscle mass and fatter than a child of a non- smoker. Cleft is a gap in the body structure that results from incomplete closing of a specific structure during development. Clefts that occur from smoking during pregnancy usually occur orally. Cleft lip is a complete opening at the lip extending into the bottom of the nose. Cleft palate is an opening at the front roof of the mouth extending to the back of the mouth. Smoking during pregnancy can also cause babies to be born prematurely. Premature birth is a serious health problem. Long-lasting disabilities such as breathing problems, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, lung problems, hearing, and vision loss are health problems that can occur from premature birth. Mothers who smoke during and after pregnancy are more likely of losing their babies to SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome). SIDS is the sudden unexplained death of an infant younger than one year of age. Occurring without warning, SIDS can happen to babies who seem perfectly normal. In conclusion, once a baby is born with damages caused by smoking, it is too late. There is a lifetime of regret on the mother and the suffering of the child can be tremendous. Women should quit smoking before their baby is conceived. The sooner a woman quits smoking, the better her chances are of having a healthier pregnancy for herself and the baby. To quit smoking is a hard task to do, but the awareness of the effects of smoking during a pregnancy should persuade a woman to quit smoking before, during and after the pregnancy.

Concepts of Professional Ethics and Moral Responsibility

Concepts of Professional Ethics and Moral Responsibility Group Members: Cheong Loong TAN Yehya ELLEISSY Xavier VUONG Chenkai JIN Ethical Dilemma The development of the product/service is to meet end user’s satisfaction and keeping them in line with the growth of technology. Such entertainment would be to provide the user with the ability to create 3D objects by using software and a 3D printer, allow users to share their thoughts on facts or ideas without restriction and even provide users with a device that acts as a life companion. The underlying ethical dilemma in the scenario is the abuse of the products and services, which most of the time results in unethical behaviour. For the purpose of this analysis, unethical behaviour will be defined as any behaviour that violates or disturbs the moral code of the society. For example, it is unethical to speak of an individual in the absence of their presence, because it causes harm to the victim’s reputation. Taking this into consideration, Facebook would be the largest host of unethical behaviour, as this occurs on a daily basis. Another product that is often remarked as being questionable is the Google Glass, a product that combines video/voice recording with the ability to connect to the internet in device that users wear around their eyes as glasses. This raises questions surrounding privacy of the people around the user, as they will not be aware if the user has activated the record function. Lastly, the 3D printer, ever since its creation has caused ethic al issues with the user able to create firearms that cannot be detected by metal detectors. These products will be further discussed in the first question, with relation to the duty of the companies and organisation that develop them. The scenario presented outlines some of the ethical issues that could arise if using those products or services. These ethical dilemmas are issues such as privacy invasion, security related problems and the user’s ability to cause harm to another. Through this analysis, we will discuss the products and services in question by researching their features, and what harm they are capable of causing when abused. Then we will move on to answer the question of whether or not the companies or organisations should be held responsible for the features of their products and services that allow users to make moral decisions. Followed by this question will be a list of possible solutions to the problems presented in the previous question. The ethical dilemma certainly exists within the scenario, but whether or not it is the duty of the organisations and companies to take responsibility for the actions of their users is question that will be analysed. Should Companies/Organizations be held responsible Companies would create these products and services with the intention of satisfying the users while abiding by the laws. The problem with the entertainment provided occurs when the end users abuse the system, and in that they could make morally incorrect decisions which affect other people. The offenders are only able to commit the abuse because there is no restriction; therefore the question raised to attention is that ‘Should the companies/organizations that develop these products/services be held responsible for â€Å"moral decision making software code and features† that they built into them?’ For the purpose of this analysis, â€Å"Moral-decision-making software code and features† is defined as the certain aspects of products and services that contribute to morality. User Many product and service offered allows user to express their creativity, thoughts and ideas. A 3D printer allows user to print to life anything they are able to model using software, and a Google Glass allows user to integrate all common technologies into one small device to be used anywhere. Social media such as Facebook allows user to share, comment, vote, and even act as an advertising platform for organisation. Nevertheless, there exist a certain group of user that exploit the product either for fame, or money purposes. A good example would be a 3D printer. The printer relies on the creativity of the user itself. When the printer was released, the major problem faced was firearm printing. A single click on the internet enables user to download a weapon blueprint and next loading it into the software and instantly an extremely dangerous goods was produced. In country where firearms are difficult to obtain, these firearms can be easily developed using a 3D printer and costing only approximately $25 of plastic with reasonably high durability (OCallaghan, 2014), and this problem is currently on the rise (Wilson, 2014). Based on our survey report, 50% of the individuals agree that 3D printer should be freely available. Another example would be using Facebook as a tool for committing crime. Cyber bullying, stalking, and uploading photos and videos of people without their consent are very common in Facebook. Professional hackers exploit the vulnerabilities in Facebook and gather target’s personal information such as name, address, phone number and bank information. Some of them even impersonate as family members, relatives or friends to gather sensitive information. Bribery often happens with threat of uploading sensitive information/pictures on Facebook. Often this leads to suicidal when victims are too depressed and cannot cope with the stress (Arkell, 2013). Facebook does not have the option of deleting account – a complete swipe out of user’s information. The only option was deactivating the account. This may seem to be useful when a user changes his/her mind, as they can reactivate back their account any time. However this posts a huge security problem. What if a hacker exploits Facebook Database and share out all the sensitive information? From our survey report, majority of the user wants the option of deleting account to be implemented. Looking at the examples above, the problem exists because companies are not being held responsible for the actions of the user. Companies/organizations are aware of these problems however it is beyond their capability to prevent this from happening as some of the user continuously exploits and misuse the product. Every user should be educated on the responsibility in their doings while maintaining a professional ethics. Professionals The counter argument presented by professional states that user should be responsible for their own welfare and behaviour while using these product. This is a valid statement, as it is the user’s actions that result in unethical behaviour, not the product. The product was designed with the intention of performing within the laws of the country, and not to create any unethical problems. The 3D printer’s ability to create firearms was not the initial intention by the manufacturer but rather the user itself. Besides, firearms made are not durable enough, and not practical in long term. Google Glass’s privacy issue is questioned because user is using it in the public area. If it’s for personal use then there would be no privacy concern. Wallach and Allen (2009) describe an actual case where semiautonomous robotic cannon malfunctioned killing 9 soldiers and wounding 14 others on October 2007. The argument here matches the original argument, that companies should be responsible for the â€Å"moral-decision-making software code† in the system. In this case, the company would be held responsible because they did not ensure that system worked correctly. In conclusion, the company or organisation responsible for the product/service should not be held responsible for the morally incorrect actions of their consumers. While it may seem, from the arguments above that they are most definitely responsible, it was consumer’s option to buy the product. Therefore, this analysis supports the professional statement that consumers should be responsible for their own welfare when using these products. What else needs to be done to solve the underlying issue? Companies that develop these products with shouldn’t be held full responsibility for the misuse of it. Mainly it is the user that decides how it is used and if it is used in an unethical manner or not. Instead, what we should be focusing and investing our time in is what can be done to solve those underlying issues. Take one of the most exciting advancements in technology today, Google Glass, for an example. Google Glass is a modern technology in the shape of an eyewear device that can take photos, videos, and even acting as a GPS device, but this feature concerns the violation of privacy. For example, user may take photos or even record a video of another individual without their consent as the device itself mimicked a pair of glasses with no indication that a recording is being done. Another major issue concerns public safety. When using Google Glass GPS feature, the overlay and prompts appear may distract the driver from noticing incoming traffic, obstacles and pedestrians. Fatal accident may arise due to this. Solutions Here are some suggestions/ways to deal with the issue Ethics and Privacy Beeping tone being emitted when a user capture a picture or make a recording. This is to indicate to the user and surrounding public that pictures are being captured or a recording is being made. Public should be educated and informed about Google Glass functionality and features. This can be achieved through commercials TV ads, social media and internet. Safety Laws and legislations should be implemented and enforced on the usage of Google Glass when driving. Driving while using Google Glass should not be permitted, as it poses a threat to both the driver and surrounding public. Educate user User should be well educated on the do’s and don’ts when using the device. Workshop, training, and seminars should be conducted from time to time to raise awareness in professional ethics concerning technology. User should also be exposed to laws and policies that govern privacy. Google Glass was just one example of how solutions can be provided to it problems without having to place responsibility on the companies/organisations moral-decision-making software code and features. When these three solutions are applied to other products, unethical behaviour should drop. Taking Facebook as an example, the best solution here would be to educate the users on the privacy policy and setting in order to stop people communicating to other who they do not know, or may be under a false identity. Also, users will be aware that information that they post onto Facebook is available for Facebook to use. As for 3D printers, having users educated about safety is important because the knowledge can stop users from printing firearms. Since the firearms are not very durable, and are not being developed professionally, an individual may cause severe harm to himself if the firearm explodes. Also if the individual is educated about the laws the consequences of developing illegal firearms, it can serve as a deterrent. References Arkell, H. (November 26, 2013). DailyMail. In Coroner warns of dangers of Facebook after student, 19, targeted by young women bullies online hanged himself. Retrieved Aug 10, 2014, from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2513782/Facebook-bullies-led-suicide- OCallaghan, J. (May 16, 2014). DailyMail. In The terrifying reality of 3D-printed guns: Devices that ANYONE can make are quickly evolving into deadly weapons. Retrieved Aug 10, 2014, from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2630473/The-terrifying-reality-3D-printed-guns-Devices-ANYONE-make-quickly-evolving-deadly-weapons.html. Wilson, L. (June 18, 2014). News. In Rise of 3D-printed handguns and illegally assembled firearms sparks call for Senate inquiry . Retrieved Aug 10, 2014, from http://www.news.com.au/technology/rise-of-3dprinted-handguns-and-illegally-assembled-firearms-sparks-call-for-senate-inquiry/story-e6frfrnr-1226957787578. Professional Ethics And Moral Responsibility Survey 1. Is it rude to Google someones profile while looking at them using a Google Glass? 2. Do you agree with Google using personalized ads for marketing purposes? 3. Should Facebook allow users to delete their accounts (All information/pictures will be completely removed)? 4. Do you think 3D printer should be legalized in Australia? 5. Is it necessary for companies/universities to have access in monitoring network activities by individuals? 6. Should companies/organizations be held responsible for moral decision making software code and features that they built into them? 7. Do you think companies/organizations should implement whistle blowing policy? 8. What penalty should be imposed on companies/organizations that violates or disclose users information? 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My Utopian Society Essay -- My Vision for America

The Utopian land is divided into two main terrains: farmland and cities. The farmlands, of course, are where most of the country's resources are produced. The services of the economy, smithing, carpentry, clothmaking, etc., are mainly produced in the cities. Iron is the only resource which must be imported abundantly. All of the resources, except iron, that the nation requires, it produces on its own. The Utopians live a very simple lifestyle. They work, and in their spare time play games, read, and socialize. Other forms of entertainment, such as gambling and hunting are looked down upon. They only eat what is necessary, and their houses are built simply and furnished only with what is necessary. Thus, their consumption is very low. Utopians do not need material possessions for happiness. Happiness for them comes out of living an honest life and working hard to produce for themselves and for the entire nation. Â   All Utopians work. There are no rich people, deadbeats, or other people who go through life not working. Most people prefer to work and live in the city, but the work on the farms must be done as well. So, there is a rotation: everyone gets a turn to live and work in the city, and then must live and work on a farm for period of time. Since everyone must do this, there is no complaining from anyone. They see working on the farm as fulfilling their duty to the nation. Â   Because of the low consumption and the hard work put in by all people, the work day in Utopia is only six hours. They work only six hours a day, and still there are great surpluses. The surpluses are not uniform in each region, because many uncontrollable factors can affect production. Most regions have surpluses, but those that have s... ... with that. Â   I believe that this society, at least the economic aspect of it, would be possible to attain. However, I believe it cannot happen with our entire world. More made a point by putting Utopia on an island in the middle of the "real world": there is no way to apply Utopia to the "real word". In order to create a Utopia like this today, we must take very young children and raise them apart from society. If we do this and teach them about the society we are trying to create, I believe their reason will make the Utopia a lasting one. But if we try to create this Utopia over the whole Earth, we will fail miserably. The world is filled with billions of people who have been raised in our current society, and it is human nature to resist change. The economic situation of More's Utopia is possible, but only in a situation very close to the one in his book.

William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay -- William Shakespeare Ro

William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet Although the story of Romeo and Juliet is over 500 years old, it is as relevant and appealing today as it was when first performed. Although dated, the story of Romeo and Juliet still holds great appeal and relevance to today’s society, despite the differences in morals and values between William Shakespeare’s audience 500 years ago, and Baz Luhrmann’s audience today. The arising issues of order and authority, fate and love entertain/ed and appeals/ed to both viewers in different ways. Shakespeare’s original play, Romeo and Juliet reflected the important Elizabethan concerns in relation to authority, law and order, making it relevant to the audiences’ morals and values of the time, as well appealing and entertaining. Shakespeare explored the consequences of order breaking down in society, demonstrated through many characters’ disobediences, with the result of chaos and ultimate consequence being the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. All characters were disobedient in some way, including Romeo and Juliet themselves. For instance, they both deceived their parents by getting married, Romeo killed Tybalt and Juliet faked death. Other characters, such as Tybalt, Mercutio, Montague and Capulet boys, went against the orders of the Prince by continuing violent actions in the city of Verona. The Friar and the Nurse are also guilty because they aided the young lovers’ immoderate actions - their meetings and marriage. Shakespeare offers the simple solution to this chaos as being obedient by respecting authority, law and order, being responsible with power as well as to be punished for their sins. This punishment is ultimately seen at the end of the play following the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. All characters have been hurt by this, hence being punished for their disobediences; â€Å"All are punished!† – the Prince. In this sense, Shakespeare’s play sets morals for the Elizabethan era, displaying the results of disobedience, violence and chaos. Luhrmann’s modern appropriation of the play also deals with authority, law and order, however instead of setting morals and offering solutions, it is relevant in that it displays a different viewpoint on modern society. He displays the world as being hectic and very fast, focused mainly on wealth and power, having lost sight of true values such as love, compassion and moral t... ... continuous, but particularly apparent in the use of water as a symbol of purity and harmony. During the ‘balcony’ scene, the water plays a major role in the connection between the lovers. It is a symbol of their unity and reciprocated love. This symbol of peace and harmony is then tainted by the death of Tybalt as he falls into a pond after being killed by Romeo. This scene also uses sequences of flashbacks to Romeo and Juliet in the pool, memories of the purity and cleanliness of Romeo’s conscience. It is then non-existent in the scenes of Romeo in the very dry, baron landscapes of Mantua. This symbolises the loss of his true love, and also any peace and harmony he knew before being banished. Other romantic symbolism in the film includes the extreme close-up shots of Romeo and Juliet when they are together, for example, in the tomb, repeated shots of the wedding ring – a physical symbol of their love. Together, Shakespeare’s original play and Baz Luhrmann’s modern appropriation is a relevant and appealing insight into the Elizabethan era as well as modern society. By comparing the two, it is made obvious the changes and differences in morals and values over 500 years.